II78 



A MANIJAL OF ANATOMY 



quently the seat of neuralgia, their positions for purposes of operative 

 treatment can readily be ascertained in the following manner : 

 A line drawn upwards from the position of the mental foramen, 

 which is in line with the interval between the two lower bicuspid 

 alveoli, to the supra-orbital notch, which is situated at the junction 

 of the outer two-thirds and the inner third of the supra-orbital arch, 

 will coincide with the infra-orbital foramen. This line, therefore, is 

 over the points of emergence of these three important sensory nerves. 

 Branches of the Great Auricular Nerve. — ^The facial branches of 

 the great auricular nerve, which is a branch of the cervical plexus, 

 are distributed to the skin over the parotid gland. They send 

 twigs into the gland which communicate with the cervico-facial 

 division of the facial nerve. 



Arteries of the Face. 



The arteries of the face are as follows : 



Sources. 



External 

 carotid. 



Ophthalmic, 



from 



internal 



carotid. 



Arteries. Sources. 



^Facial. Superficial 



Nasal. temporal. 



Frontal. 



Supra-orbital. ' Internal 



Internal palpebral maxillary. 



(superior and inferior). 

 Terminal branch of an- 

 terior ethmoidal. 

 f External palpebral 

 (superior and inferior). 



Arteries. 



(Transverse facial. 

 Anterior temporal. 

 Orbital. 



\ Infra-orbital. 

 /Buccal. 



Inferior dental, 'i 



internal maxU- J-Mental. 

 lary. J 



Lachrymal, 

 ophthalmic. iMakS!''^^^ 



The chief of these arteries are the facial and the transverse facial. 



Facial Artery. — ^The facial artery [external maxillary) is one of 

 the three anterior branches of the external carotid, being the 

 highest in order. It is situated at first in the upper portion 

 of the anterior triangle of the neck, where it has been 

 previously described (see p. 1119). It leaves the neck and 

 enters upon its facial course by mounting over the base and 

 body of the inferior maxilla, in front of the anterior border of the 

 masseter, where it is very superficial, being covered only by the 

 platysma myoides and the integument. From this point it extends 

 to the inner canthus of the eye, where it pierces the levator labii 

 superioris alaeque nasi, or becomes embedded in it, and terminates 

 in its angular branch. Its course is upwards and forwards, and 

 it describes many bends, being remarkable for its tortuosity, this 

 being in adaptation to the great mobility of the surrounding parts. 

 Though embedded in the fat, and covered by certain muscles, the 

 facial part of the vessel is in no sense deeply placed. 



Relations — Superficial. — The integument and platysma myoides, 

 the risorius, the zygomatic muscles, and branches of the facial 



