THE HEAD AND NECK ll8l 



Superficial Facial Lymphatic Glands. — These glands lie on the face 

 along the course of the superficial facial artery and vein. Some are 

 situated upon the mandible, beneath the platysma myoides, one of 

 them being placed upon the base of the mandible, close to the facial 

 vessels; others [buccal) rest upon the fascia covering the buccinator 

 muscle; and the remaining glands of this group are met with be- 

 tween the angle of the mouth and the inner canthus. They receive 

 their afferent vessels from the adjacent structures, and their efferent 

 vessels pass to the submaxillary lymphatic glands. 



Transverse Facial Artery. — This vessel arises from the superficial 

 temporal in the parotid gland, and passes horizontally forwards. 

 After emerging from beneath the anterior border of the gland it 

 crosses the masseter, having the zygoma above it and Stensen's 

 duct below it, the infra-orbital branches of the facial nerve being, 

 in turn, below Stensen's duct. The order of structures from above 

 downwards is, accordingly, artery, duct, and nerves. The artery is 

 distributed to the parotid gland, the masseter muscle, and the 

 structures on the side of the face, and it anastomoses with the 

 infra-orbital, malar, facial, and buccal arteries. 



The transverse facial vein opens into the superficial temporal 

 vein. 



The nasal artery is one of the terminal branches of the ophthalmic, 

 and emerges from the orbit at the inner canthus above the internal 

 tarsal ligament. It is distributed to the lachrjnnal sac and the 

 side of the root of the nose, and anastomoses with the angular 

 and lateral nasal arteries. It gives off a transverse nasal branch, 

 which crosses the root of the nose and anastomoses with its fellow 

 of the opposite side. 



The transverse nasal vein connects the two angular veins over 

 the root of the nose, and the other veins corresponding to the 

 nasal artery open into the angular and superior ophthalmic veins. 



The supra-orbital and frontal arteries have been already described 

 (see Index). 



The internal palpebral arteries, superior and inferior, arise from 

 the ophthalmic, and emerge from the orbit at the inner canthus, 

 one passing above, and the other below, the internal tarsal ligament. 

 Their course is outwards between the palpebral fibres of the orbi- 

 cularis palpebrarum and the tarsal plates, and they anastomose, 

 and form arches, with the palpebral branches of the lachrymal 

 artery. They are distributed to the palpebral structures, the 

 lachrymal sac, and the caruncula lacrimalis. 



The corresponding veins from the upper eyelid open into the 

 angular vein, and those from the lower eyelid into the facial vein. 



The terminal branch of the anterior ethmoidal artery emerges, 

 along with the terminal branch of the nasal nerve, between the 

 lower border of the nasal bone and the upper lateral nasal cartilage. 

 It is distributed to the skin of the tip, and the lower part of the 

 side, of the nose. 



