1576 A MANUAL OF ANATOMY 



carotid artery is to be shown within the gland, dividing into its superficial 

 temporal and internal maxillary branches. The superficial temporal vein 

 is to be followed downwards within the gland until it is joined by the internal 

 maxillary vein, and the resultant vessel, namely, the temporo-maxillary vein, 

 is thereafter to be followed downwards within the gland in front of the external 

 carotid artery. The mode of termination of the temporo-maxillary vein is 

 also to be shown, its anterior division joining the facial vein to form the 

 common facial vein, and its posterior division joining the posterior auricular 

 vein to form the external jugular vein. The foregoing dissections will have 

 led to the removal of a large part of the parotid gland. The dissector will 

 therefore be able to see that it extends inwards behind the ramus of the inferior 

 maxilla, and deeply into the posterior part of the glenoid fossa of the temporal 

 bone. 



Ocular Appendages. — The eyelids or palpebrae, with their tarsal plates, are 

 to receive attention, as well as the eyelashes or cilia, and the canthi, outer 

 and inner. At the inner canthus the lacus lacrimalis, caruncula lacrimalis, 

 and plica semilunaris are to be studied, as are also the papillae lacrimales 

 and puncta lacrimalia. The lachrymal canaliculi are to be opened up, and 

 the lachrymal sac is to be shown lying in the lachrymal groove of the lachrymal 

 bone and nasal process of the superior maxilla. The sac should be laid open, 

 and a probe passed down the nasal duct. The superior and inferior palpebral 

 ligaments, as well as the external tarsal ligament, are to be dissected. The 

 internal tarsal ligament or tendo palpebrarum has been already seen. The 

 conjunctiva, palpebral and ocular, is to be carefully studied, and the superior 

 and inferior fornix noted. On the internal surface of each tarsal plate, 

 between it and the conjunctiva, the outlines of the Meibomian glands will be 

 seen, and their orifices may be visible, arranged in a row a little behind each 

 ciliary margin. In this situation the glands of Moll are to be borne in mind. 



Auricle (Pinna). — The auricle is to be carefully studied and dissected. Its 

 extrinsic muscles, namely, attrahens, attollens, and retrahens, auriculam 

 have been already attended to. The component parts of the auricle are to 

 be mastered, namely, the concha, helix, crus helicis, antihelix, tragus, anti- 

 tragus, incisura intertragica, lobule, tubercle of Darwin, fossa of the helix 

 (scaphoid fossa), and fossa of the antihelix (triangular fossa). The ligaments 

 and intrinsic muscles are to be dissected, according to the description of them 

 which is given in the text ; the blood-supply and nerve-supply of the auricle 

 are to be reviewed ; and thereafter an effort is to be made to dissect the plate 

 of yellow elastic fibro-cartilage which forms its framework. The meatus 

 auditorius externus is to receive very careful study. 



Nose. — The cartilaginous framework of the nose is now to be dissected, 

 and this should be overtaken by the two dissectors working in concert. The 

 upper lateral nasal cartilages will be found immediately below the nasal bones. 

 The lower lateral nasal cartilages, or cartilages of the apertures, are situated 

 below the preceding, and each is bent so as to lie in front, and on each side, 

 of the nostril. The crus laterale and crus mediate of each cartilage of the 

 aperture are to be noted. Two or more sesamoid, or minor, cartilages are 

 to be looked for in the fibrous tissue which connects the crus laterale to the 

 superior maxilla. In dissecting the foregoing cartilages the dissectors should 

 have before them the description given of them in the text. The cartilage 

 of the septum is mesially placed, and can only be fully studied in connection 

 with the interior of the nasal fossae. It is sufficient meanwhile to note that 

 its anterior border is visible between the anterior borders of the upper lateral 

 nasal cartilages inferiorly. 



Masseter Muscle. — Before leaving the dissection of the face the masseter 

 is to be dissected. Its superficial and deep parts are to be clearly shown, 

 and its relations thoroughly mastered. 



Orbit. — To prepare the cavity of the orbit for dissection the osseous roof 

 must be removed. For this purpose a vertical cut is to be made with the 

 saw through the frontal bone as low as a point just external to the fovea 

 trochlearis. A second cut is to be made with the saw through the lateral 

 wall of the skull from a point on a level with the auricle downwards and 



