OF THE SKIN. 1 13 



3. Lastly, smooth muscles are also found in the superficial 

 portions of the corhnn, and in fact, in all situations where 

 hairs occur, in the form of flat bundles, 01 — 0-16"' broad, 

 which, singly or in pairs, are invariably placed near the upper 

 part of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands. They arise, 

 probably, from the superficial part of the corium, and running 

 obliquely from without inwards, towards the hair-follicles, sur- 

 round the sebaceous glands, and are inserted close behind, and 

 near the base of those glands into the hair-follicles. 



[Quite recently Eylandt and Henle have added to our know- 

 ledge of the smooth muscles of the skin. The existence of thelittle 

 muscles of the hair follicles, termed by Eylandt, arrectores pill, 

 has been confirmed by both writers, only that they find them to 

 be more delicate (Eylandt O02'", Henle 04'"). Eylandt never 

 noticed more than one bundle passing to a hair follicle, and 

 Henle states that they sub-divide upwards into many bundles 

 of 0004"', and may be traced immediately under the epidermis 

 as far as the papillse. In the scrotum, in the skin of the 

 penis, the perinceum, the areola mamma, and in the nipple, 

 Eylandt could not find smooth muscles ; and he imagines that 

 I have confounded the circular muscles of the vessels with 

 them, a supposition which I should not have allowed myself to 

 entertain even against a beginner. Henle has seen the smooth 

 muscles in all these situations, which it is, in fact, very easy to 

 do, though I think that he goes to the other extreme in assuming 

 the existence of smooth muscular fasciculi in the hairless por- 

 tions of the skin also, in the sudoriparous glands, and in the 

 vascular ramuscules (on their exterior), and, I believe, that in 

 these cases, he has been misled by fine nervous twigs, which, as 

 he himself states, may readily be confounded with smooth 

 muscles, in the boiled preparations which he employed.] 



§35. 



Fat-Cells. — These cells are especially developed in the 

 panniculus adiposus. In this situation the fat-cells do not form 

 large continuous expansions, but occupy, in larger or smaller 

 clusters, the variouslv formed meshes of the connective tissue 

 (fig. 45 f). Each of the yellow clusters, or fat-lobules, which 

 appear to the naked eye clearly defined, has a special coating 

 of connective tissue, in which the vessels intended for the 



i. 8 



