THE OSSEOUS SYSTEM. 289 



to be mentioned: G. Valentin, article 'Muscles/ in the 

 'Encyclopaedic Dictionary of the Medical Sciences/ vol. xxiv, 

 pp. 203—220, Berlin, 1810; II. R. Ficinus, <De fibne rauscu- 

 laris forma et structura Diss, inaug./ Lips. 1836. 1, cum tab. ; 

 F. Will, some remarks upon the origin of the transverse stripes 

 of muscles, in Midler's 'Archiv/ 1813, p. 358; R. Remak, on 

 the 'Development of the Primitive muscular Fasciculi/ in 

 Froricp'sN. Notiz./ 1815, Nr. 768; Ed. Weber, art. 'Muscular 

 Motion/ in R. Wagner's 'Manual of Physiology/ vol. iii, 

 2d division, 1816; Kolliker, in 'Ann. d. Sc. Nat./ 1846; 

 Dobie, 'Observations on the Minute Structure and Mode of 

 Contraction of Voluntary muscular Fibre/ in 'Ann. Nat. Hist./ 

 N. Ser. Ill, 18-19; Lebert 'Recherches sur la Formation dc^, 

 Muscles dans les Animaux vertebres, in Ann. d. Sc. N./ 1850, 

 p. 205. 



OF THE OSSEOUS SYSTEM. 



§ 88. 



The osseous System consists of a great number of hard 

 organs, the Bones, of a peculiar, uniform structure, which are 

 united cither immediately or by means of other tissues, such 

 as cartilage, ligaments, or articular capsules, into a connected 

 whole — the skeleton. 



The osseous tissue, in man, presents two principal forms — 

 the compact and spongy. The perfect solidity of the former, 

 however, is only apparent, as, even to the naked eye, it is seen 

 to be penetrated by narrow channels which run in various direc- 

 tions, and by a still greater number of similar but smaller 

 canals, which are brought into view by the microscope. These 

 vascular or Haversian canals (medullary canals of authors), 

 may be said to be almost entirely absent in the spongy sub- 

 stance, in which they are represented by wider, rounded, or 

 elongated spaces, visible to the unassisted eye, which are filled 

 with marrow, in some bones occupied by veins or nerves 

 (cochlea), and termed the medullary spaces or cells (cancelli, 

 cetlula medullares). These spaces all anastomose together, 

 and are formed by the reticular arrangement of the small 



i. 19 



