THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 475 



brane of the mouth and tongue, and in the conjunctiva, whilst 

 in the cornea, the extremities of the nerves are quite trans* 

 parent and pale, and constitute a wide meshed plexus without 

 any divisions. With respect to the ganglia, which are placed 

 on the n. trigeminus {ganglion cilia re, often m, sphenopalatinum, 

 linguale, supramaxillare), I find their structure more to resem- 

 ble that of the sympathetic ganglia, only that they contain a 

 considerable number of larger nerve-cells. The glossopharyn- 

 geal, although endowed with motor properties, still, according 

 to Volkmann (Mull. 'Arch./ 1840, p. 488), has no fibres which 

 do not pass through one or other of its ganglia. In its roots, 

 which contain numerous fine fibres, there are, according to 

 Bidder (1. c. p. 30), in the Mammalia, not unfrequently, isolated 

 nerve-cells, often placed free upon it, in which, as in similar cells, 

 on the roots of the n. vagus, the giving off of two middle-siz( d 

 fibres, it is said, may occasionally be readily perceived. The 

 ganglia of the glossopharyngeus present the same conditions as 

 the spinal ganglia, that is to say, the radical fibres simply traverse 

 them, and, within the ganglion, fibres arise from cells, which are 

 for the most part unipolar; its ultimate ramification in the tym- 

 panic cavity and in the tongue, contains small ganglia, and 

 otherwise corresponds with that of the n. trigeminus (p. major). 

 In Man, all the roots of the n. vagus enter the jugular ganglion, 

 whilst in some of the Mammalia — Dog, Cat, Rabbit, according 

 to Remak (in Frorieps 'Not./ 1837, No. 54), in the Dog and 

 Sheep, according to Volkmann (Miiller's 'Arch./ 1840, p. 491), 

 but not in the Calf, in which nerve-cells occur in the apparently 

 motor-root, it has also a primary fasciculus, which has no 

 connection with the ganglion. In the ganglion jugulare and 

 in the intumescentia ganglioformis of the facial nerve, I have not 

 been able to find anything different from the spinal ganglia, 

 only, that the nerve-cells measure occasionally no more than 

 O'OOO'", although it is true that there are also a great man}' 

 as large as 003'". The ultimate distribution of the nerve 

 exhibits, as Bidder and Volkmann correctly state, a constant 

 kind of separation of thicker and more slender fibres, so 

 that the branches to the oesophagus, heart, and stomach, are 

 composed almost entirely of fine fibres, whilst iu those 

 going to the lungs, and in the laryngeus superior, the fine are to 

 the thick fibres as 2 to 1; and in the laryngeus inferior and the 



