EXERCISE 10 

 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HARD WOODS 



Materials. Blocks, boards, or small logs of a large variety of hard 

 woods ; wood sections. 



Directions for work. Study the specimens of woods available, 

 noting the characteristics with sufficient fullness to enable any- 

 one to discriminate between them by the use of your notes only. 

 Note especially, color, apparent weight, medullary rays, thick- 

 ness of annual layers, ring- or diffuse-porous, size of pores, appear- 

 ance of finished surfaces, and any individual peculiarities. 



References 



BERGEN and CALDWELL. Practical Botany, chap. xxii. 



BERGEN and CALDWELL. Introduction to Botany, pp. 62-68, chap. viii. 



SUDWORTH and MELL. " Circassian Walnut," Circular No. 212, Forest 



Service, U. S. Dept. Agr. 



MAXWELL. " Uses of Commercial Woods of the United States : Beech, 

 Birches, and Maples," Bulletin No. 12, U. S. Dept. Agr. 



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