CONTENTS xi 



IX. DIGESTION OF CARBOHYDRATES. BLOOD SUGAR. DIASTASIC FERMENTS 194 

 Carbohydrate Digestion. Ptyalin. Carbohydrate Digestion in 

 the Stomach. Carbohydrate Digestion in the Intestine. Role 

 of Pancreas in Production of Carbohydrate-splitting Ferments. 

 Fate of Disaccharides. Dilution of Sugar Solution in the Intes- 

 tine. Disappearance of Coarse Vegetable Fibres from the Diges- 

 tive Tract. Determination of Cellulose. Cytases. Part Taken 

 in Digestion by Enzymes Contained in the Food. Importance 

 of Symbiotic Microorganisms. Marsh-Gas Fermentation. Food 

 Value of Cellulose . Importance of Infusoria in Cellulose Digestion . 

 Blood Sugar. Technic of Estimating the Sugar in the Blood. Ex- 

 istence of Free Sugar in the Blood. Sucre Immediat and Sucre 

 Virtuel. Does the Blood Contain Other Carbohydrates in Addi- 

 tion to Glucose? Sugar Content in the Red Blood Cells. Sugar 

 in the Aqueous Humor. Carbohydrate-splitting Ferments. 

 Quantitative Determination of Diastase. Wiechowski's Tissue- 

 Powder Method. Hepatic Diastase. Muscle Diastase. Diastases 

 in Embryos. Origin of Diastase. Role of Pancreas in the Produc- 

 tion of Blood Diastase. Maltases, Invertases and Glucases in the 

 Blood-serum. Action of Diastase on Various Forms of Starch. 



X. GLYCOGEN. FORMATION OF SUGAR FROM PROTEIN AND FAT 221 



Glycogen. Quantitative Determination of Glycogen. Chemistry 

 of Glycogen. Relation Between Consumption of Sugar by the 

 Muscles and the Disappearance of Glycogen in the Liver. Pro- 

 duction of Glycogen Impoverishment in the Body. Glycogen 

 Formation in the Perfused Liver. Glycogen Formation from 

 Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose. Behavior of Disaccharides and 

 Polysaccharides. Other Substances of the Sugar Series. Glycogen 

 Formation from Formaldehyde. Limit of Saturation and Utili- 

 zation. Formation of Sugar from Protein. Carbohydrate Group 

 in the Protein Molecule. Elimination of Sugar and Protein De- 

 composition. Respiration Experiments. New Formation of Car- 

 bohydrate in Glycogen-Free Tissues. Formation of Sugar from 

 Various Proteins. Origin of Sugar from Animoacids. Formation 

 of Sugar from Fat. Sugar Formation from Glycerine. Seegen's 

 Experiments. Respiratory Quotient in Diabetes. Sugar-Nitrogen 

 Quotient. Fat Impoverishment in Phloridzin Animals. Influence 

 of the Introduction of Higher Fatty Acids upon Sugar Elimina- 

 tion. 



XI. PANCREATIC DIABETES. HUMAN DIABETES 247 



Pancreatic Diabetes. Discovery of Pancreatic Diabetes. Inter- 

 rupted Extirpation of the Pancreas. Function of Islands of Lan- 

 gerhans. Duodenal Diabetes. Does the Internal Secretion of the 

 Pancreas Pass with the Lymph through the Thoracic Duct into 

 the Blood? Blood Transfusion and Parabiosis. Glycogen Forma- 

 tion, Diastasic Power and Formation of Sugar from Carbohydrate- 

 free Material in the Liver in Pancreatic Diabetes. Glycolysis. 

 Oxidation Processes in the Diabetic Economy. Metabolism in 

 Pancreatic Diabetes. Partial Extirpation of Pancreas. Antipan- 

 creatin Serum. Isolation of the " Pancreatic Hormone." Human 

 Diabetes. Degeneration of the Pancreas in Human Diabetes. 

 Glycogen Content of the Liver. Hyperglycsemia. Methylene- 

 Blue Reaction of the Blood. Urinary Dextrine. Protein Destruc- 

 tion. Diabetic Lipajmia. Respiration Experiments in Diabetes. 

 Substitutes for Bread for Diabetics. Oat Treatments. Influence 

 of Mineral Waters. Medicinal Treatment of Diabetes. 



XII. PHLORIDZIN DIABETES. L^EVULOSURIA. LACTOSURIA. PENTO- 



SURIA. EXPERIMENTAL GLYCOSURIAS OF DIFFERENT KINDS. . . . 275 

 Phloridzin Diabetes. Lack of Hyperglycaemia. Role of the 

 Kidney. Formation of Sugar in the Kidney. Fate of Phloridzin 



