CHAPTER II 

 THE PROTEOLYTIC PANCREATIC FERMENT 



Transfer of the Food from the Stomach into the Intes- 

 tine. The previous chapter having been devoted to the 

 process of protein digestion in the stomach, the subject of the 

 method of transfer of the food from the stomach into the 

 intestine may with propriety be next considered. 



This process has been approached experimentally in a 

 variety of ways, as by the production of gastric and duo- 

 denal fistulas, by rontgenoscopy of the stomach after intro- 

 ducing bismuth nitrate into the food ingested, by tube 

 analysis of the gastric contents, etc. Hofmeister and Schiitz 

 studied by direct observation the movements of a living 

 exsected stomach kept in a moist chamber; P. v. Griitzner 

 examined frozen sections of stomachs of animals killed in 

 different stages of digestion ; Scheunert followed the move- 

 ments and partition of the gastric contents by the special 

 means of administering colored food, etc. Although it is im- 

 possible to go at length into the subject the attention of the 

 reader should be directed at least to the importance of chem- 

 ical regulation of the reflex pylorus closure from the intes- 

 tine; our knowledge of which is mainly due to the recent 

 studies of Pawlow, Moritz, Cannon, London, Cohnheim, Tob- 

 ler and others. 1 We know from observation that a dog with 

 a duodenal fistula discharges the water through the fistula 



literature upon the Passage of the Food from the Stomach into the 

 Intestine: 0. Cohnheim, Nagel's Handb. d. Physiol., 2, 560-568, 1907; Physiol. 

 d. Verd. u. Ernahr., pp. 13-26, 1908; E. S. London, Handb. d. Biochem., 3" 68- 

 73, 1909; O. Cohnheim and F. Marchand, Zeitschr. f. Physiol. Chem., 63, 41, 

 1909; F. Best and 0. Cohnheim, ibid., 69, 113, 1910; Sitzungsber. d. Heidelber- 

 ger Akadamie, 1910; W. B. Cannon (Harvard Medical School), Amer. Jour, of 

 Physiol., 20, 283, 1900; cf. also F. Meyer (Kissingen), Zeitschr. f. physiol. 

 Chem., 11, 466, 1911; M. Kirschner and E. Mangold ( Greif swald ) , Mitteil. a. 

 d. Grenzgebieten d. Medizin u. Chir., 23, 446, 1911; R. Kaufmann and R. 

 Kienbock, Med. Klinik, 1911, 1150. 



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