110 UREA. HIPPURIC ACID. AMINOACIDS 



confirmatory statements of Magnus -Levy, 33 Wiecliowski, 34 

 Einger, 35 and Abderhalden 36 leave no doubt that when ben- 

 zoic acid is introduced in quantity into the body of a her- 

 bivorous animal about a third or more of the total 

 nitrogen may be excreted as hippuric acid. It is true 

 the economy is not operating under entirely normal condi- 

 tions; there is probably a higher cleavage of the intrinsic 

 proteins under the toxic influence of the benzoic acid than 

 normally. 37 But it seems altogether improbable that the 

 small quantity of glycocoll of the protein molecule would be 

 enough to form the nitrogenous moiety of the synthesis. 

 (Abderhalden has shown, too, that the tissue protein of veg- 

 etarians is no richer in glycocoll than that of carnivores.) 38 

 Wiechowski, who met in some of his experiments on rabbits 

 with more than fifty, and once as much as sixty-four, per cent, 

 of the total nitrogen coming from protein cleavage appear- 

 ing as glycocoll, believes that these animals actually produce 

 glycocoll, as he found that the synthesis increased, other 

 things being equal, the longer the benzoic acid continued in 

 circulation, and remained the same in continuous full-day in- 

 toxication. He suspects, too, that in rabbits glycocoll is the 

 precursor of a great, if not the greatest, part of the urea 

 eliminated. E. Friedmann 39 has been able to show by per- 

 fusion that the liver of the rabbit is capable of transforming 

 benzoic acid into hippuric acid ; from which, as the amount 

 of hippuric acid synthesis is not influenced by introduction 



88 A. Magnus-Levy, Miinchener med. Wochenschr., 1905, No. 45; Biochem. 

 Zeitschr., 6, 523, 1907. 



84 W. Wiechowski ( Pharmacol. Instit., Prague), Hofmeister's Beitr., 7, 258- 

 262, 1905. 



80 A. J. Ringer (Cornell Univ., New York), Jour, of Biol. Chem., 10, 

 327, 1911. 



88 E. Abderhalden and P. Hirsch, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 78, 292, 

 1912; cf. also A. A. Epstein and S. Bookman (New York), v. infra. 



OT A. A. Epstein and S. Bookman (New York), Jour, of Biol. Chem., 10, 

 353, 1911. 



88 E. Abderhalden, A. Gigon and E. Strauss, Zeitschr. f . physiol. Chem., 51, 

 311, 1907. 



89 E. Friedmann and H. Tachau, 1. c. 



