SUGAR FORMATION IN GLYCOGEN-FREE TISSUES 237 



again be found to contain glycogen, according to Kolly. 41 

 Apparently a portion of the mobilized tissue proteins has 

 been changed into sugar. In the same way new formation 

 of carbohydrate occurs in glycogen-free animals if an in- 

 crease in protein decomposition be induced by an infectious 

 fever (produced by inoculation with bacterium coli). 42 

 Pniiger himself proved that mere starvation, as a rule, is 

 incapable of ridding the body of glycogen, because glycogen 

 will be newly formed from substances which are not carbo- 

 hydrates. 43 G-. Embden 44 has proved that a marked access 

 of sugar occurs when the living, excised, glycogen-free liver 

 of a dog is perfused, referable to the sugar antecedents in 

 the blood or in the liver; and M. Lowit 45 has been able to 

 show that the glycogen-free livers of cold-blooded and warm- 

 blooded animals under proper circumstances can form sugar 

 even postmortem (or in course of life after excision), 

 although postmortem glyconeogenesis could not be proved 

 for the blood or other tissues. It is safe to say that here, 

 too, we can tentatively think of a formation of sugar from 

 proteid substances, particularly as we have no ground for 

 assuming the existence of any sort of unknown high mole- 

 cular carbohydrates in the liver different from glycogen. 

 There may be some justification in placing in this same cate- 

 gory certain discoveries referable to the formation of sugar 

 in autolysis, as that of Seegen in which sugar was said to 

 have been formed from peptone in portions of liver, and that 

 of Weinland, who assumed that sugar was produced from 

 protein, supposed to have taken place in a mush of fly-larvae 

 when oxygen was introduced. It should, however, be ex- 

 plicitly stated that the former of these findings has not been 



41 Roily, Deutsch. Arch, f . klin. Med., 83, 107, 1905. 



42 C. Hirsch and Roily (Med. Clinic, Leipzig), Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., 

 78, 380, 1903. 



48 E. Pfliiger, Pfliiger's Arch., 119, 117, 1907. 



44 G. Embden, Hofmeister's Beitr., 6, 44, 1903; Biochem. Zeitschr., 6, 66, 

 1904. 



45 M. Lowit (Innsbruck), Pfliiger's Arch., 136, 572, 1910. 



