310 ADRENALS IN CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 



observations in which in rabbits with adrenals removed the 

 amount of sugar in the blood was, as a rule, found not 

 reduced. 32 0. Schwartz, who found that the glycosuric 

 effect of phloridzin was entirely preserved in rats deprived 

 of their adrenals, concludes after a critical discussion of the 

 above statements that "the assumption of a sugar-mobiliz- 

 ing function of adrenin, hitherto accepted without any direct 

 experimental basis, can no longer be maintained. ' ' 33 In 

 view of the recognized antagonism between the sympathetic 

 and autonymous nerve systems and the fact that almost 

 always, where organs have a double innervation, this double 

 supply is an antagonistic one, and stimulation of the sym- 

 pathetic fibres produces characteristically the opposite 

 action from that of the autonymous nerves, 34 it is quite well 

 worth observing that the glycosuria produced by adrenin 

 is not influenced by its antagonists, cholin and pilocarpin. 

 This certainly does not speak in favor of the assumption 

 that sugar metabolism is subject to a delicate regulation by 

 suprarenin through stimulation of the sympathetics. 35 



An idea has also been suggested that the adrenals influ- 

 ence sugar metabolism in some way through the pancreas. 

 But for this view, also, there is no definite basis ; in geese 

 and ducks, in which extirpation of the pancreas does not 

 occasion sugar excretion, suprarenin produces glycosuria 

 even after removal of the pancreas. 36 The pancreas is, of 

 course, not responsible for the production of this effect. 



So much for the relation of the adrenals to carbohydrate 

 metabolism. 



83 E. Frank and S. Isaak (Wiesbaden), Zeitschr. f. exper. Pathol., 7, 326, 

 1909. 



W O. Schwarz (E. Pick's Lab., Vienna), Pfliiger's Arch., 134, 257, 1910; cf. 

 also J. J. R. Macleod and R. G. Pearce, Amer. Jour, of Physiol., 29, 419, 1912. 



81 Cf. H. H. Meyer and R. Gottlieb, Exper. Pharmacol., p. 122, 1910, and 

 A. Frohlich (Pharmakol. Instit., Vienna), Med. Klinik, 1911, No. 8. 



30 E. Frank and S. Isaak, 1. c. 



"NoSl Paton, Jour, of Physiol., 32, 59, 1909. 



