ZYMASES IN ANIMAL TISSUES 329 



ever, been confirmed only here and there, 3 but have for the 

 most part excited opposition. 



Thus Blumenthal and others found that sugar catabolism 

 proceeds in the tissues with formation of C0 2 , it is true, but 

 not with a corresponding production of alcohol. 4 Small 

 amounts of alcohol have actually been found in animal tis- 

 sues by various observers, 5 but Landsberg believes this can 

 be fully explained as the result of absorption of alcohol from 

 the gastroenteric canal, where from the influence of yeasts 

 and bacteria upon the carbohydrates there is always oppor- 

 tunity given for alcohol production. Then, too, it has been 

 shown that only the putrefaction of tissues, not their auto- 

 lysis, increases their alcohol content. Battelli maintained 

 the circulation in freshly killed animals for two hours by 

 compressing the exposed heart, and coincidently kept up 

 artificial hydrogen respiration through a tracheal canula; 

 under which circumstances it was shown that in the absence 

 of oxygen the economy of the higher animals does not form 

 carbonic acid, that, as a matter of fact, therefore, there 

 apparently does not exist here an ' ' anaerobic respiration. ' ' 6 

 It is certainly worth considering, too, that in the anoxybiosis 

 of ascarides and earth worms, as shown by the studies of 

 Weinland and Lesser, there is nothing in the way of an 

 alcoholic fermentation of sugar (in these, however, as an 

 important product of carbohydrate cleavage there is formed, 

 besides carbonic, a volatile fatty acid, apparently valerianic 

 acid). 7 The most weighty objection to Stoklasa's idea, 

 however, is to be seen in the circumstance that many careful 



3 R. Robert, Pfliiger's Arch., 99, 176, 1909; F. Maignan, Compt. Rend., 140, 

 1063, 1124, 1905; F. Ransom (Cambridge), Jour, of Physiol., 40, I, 1910. 



4 F. Blumenthal, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1903, No. 51; J. Feinschmidt 

 (F. Blumenthal's Lab.), Hofmeister'a Beitr., 4, 511, 1904; E. Bendix (F. 

 BlumenthaPs Lab.), Zeitschr. f. physik. und diat. Ther., 2, 218, 1899. 



6 Ford; Rajewski; G. Landsberg, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 41, 505, 1904; 

 Reach (A. Durig's Lab.), Biochem. Zeitschr., 3, 326, 1907. 



c F. Battelli, Arch, intern, de Physiol., 1, 47, 1904. 



7 Literature upon Anoxybiosis : E. J. Lesser, Ergebn. d. Physiol., 8, 742- 

 796, 1909; Zeitschr. f. Biol., 52, 282, 1909. 



