600 PHYSIOLOGY OF ALPINISM 



sea-level of 4500 metres on Monte Rosa, and of having thus 

 provided means for systematic studies in this field. The 

 Mosso Institute, situated at a height of about 3000 metres 

 on Colle d'Olen, conducted by Aggazzoti, makes it possible 

 to combine observations made at different heights from the 

 sea-level, and supplement each other. Thanks to a series of 

 scientific Monte Eosa expeditions conducted by N. Zuntz, 

 A. Lowy, A. Jaquet, A. Durig, and 0. Cohnheim, 49 an im- 

 portant amount of observation material has been collected 

 to date. This has been supplemented by many earlier ob- 

 servations, by the investigations of an expedition to Ten- 

 eriffe made by Durig, H. v. Schrotter and Zuntz, 50 by 

 observations by Douglas, Haldane, Y. Henderson, and 

 Schneider at the top of Pike's Peak in Colorado, 51 by a 

 number of balloon ascents made for physiological pur- 

 poses, 52 and by experiments in the pneumatic cabinet. 



It is well known that in many human beings, as soon as 

 they have attained a certain height above the level of the 

 sea, the symptoms of "mountain sickness" set in. The 

 rather manifold and varying symptom complex of this con- 

 dition has been thoroughly described by Angelo Mosso in 

 his work, "Der Mensch auf den Hochalpen." 53 It was be- 

 lieved most probable that the whole symptom complex was 

 to be classed as due to oxygen diminution in the respired 

 air. It was essential, however, in order to reasonably 



"Shumburg and N. Zuntz (1895) ; A. Lowy, J. Lowy, L. Zuntz (1896) ; 

 Jaquet and Stahelin (1900); N. Zuntz, A. Lowy, F. Miiller and Caspar! 



(1901); Durig and Zunz (1903); Durig (1905); cf. Literature: A. Lowy, 

 Handb. d. Biochem., 4', 225, 1908; A. Durig, Pfliiger's Arch., 113, 1906; A. 

 Durig in collaboration with W. Kolmer, R. Rainer, H. Reichel and W. Caspari 



(1906), Denkschr. d. Wiener Akad., 86, 1909; A. Durig and N. Zuntz., Biochem. 

 Zeitschr., 39, 435, 1912; 0. Cohnheim, Commissioner of Health Kreglinger and 

 Medical Student Kreglinger, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 63, 413, 1909; O. Cohn- 

 heim, G. Kreglinger, L. Tobler, O. H. Weber, ibid., 78, 62, 1912. 



60 A. Durig, H. v. Schrotter, N. Zuntz, Biochem. Zeitschr., 39, 421, 1912. 



61 C. G. Douglas, J. S. Haldane, Y. Henderson and E. C. Schneider, Proc. 

 Roy. Soc., LXXXV, 65B, 1912; cited in Centralbl. f. d. ges. Biol., 13, No. 1196, 

 1912. 



52 Hallion and Tissot, 1901 ; H. v. Schrotter and N. Zuntz, 1902. 



88 A. Mosso, Der Mensch auf den Hochalpen, Leipzig, Pub. Veit & Co., 1899. 



