INFLUENCE OF MUSCULAR ACTIVITY 611 



oxygen taken in and more carbonic acid given off than 

 normally. The real condition of affairs was clearly in- 

 dicated primarily by studies conducted by Friedrich Kraus 

 and A. Lowy on febrile human beings by employing the 

 Zunz-Geppert methods. Their observations were supple- 

 mented by those of Eiethus, Steyrer, Graf e, 2 and Roily 3 and 

 by the animal experiments of May (on rabbits infected with 

 swine erysipelas) and of Stahelin (on dogs inoculated with 

 surra trypano somes), and by observations upon the hyper- 

 thermia of heat-puncture. All in all it is now apparently 

 settled that there is no basis for supposing that there exists 

 any ratio between oxidation increase and rise of tempera- 

 ture, and that actually the former may at times not exist. In 

 general, however, metabolism is moderately increased in 

 the febrile human being. Yet we must of necessity inquire 

 whether this increase of metabolism is really inherent to 

 the nature of fever or whether it may not rather be the 

 result of accessory factors. 



Influence of Increased Muscular Activity. As one such 

 factor we must in the first place consider an increase of mus- 

 cular activity. This may occur to a marked degree in the 

 violent muscular contractions of a rigor. However, even 

 the extra effort manifested in the general motor restless- 

 ness and in the more rapid heart action and respiratory 

 movements must by no means be undervalued. "If one 

 excludes the rise in temperature occasioned by muscular 

 movements, " says Krehl, 4 " which may be manifested even 

 without the existence of fever and therefore properly is not 

 to be regarded as belonging to it, the heat production during 

 fever would be found to range in the proportion 110-160: 

 100 ; figures like 120-130 : 100 may be regarded as average. 5 



2 E. Grafe (Med. Clinic, Heidelberg), Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., 101, 209, 

 1910. 



3 F. Roily (Med. Clinic, Leipzig), Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., 103, 93, 

 1911. 



4 Krehl, 1. c., p. 483. 



6 Cf. also E. Grafe (Med. Clinic, Heidelberg), Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., 

 101, 209, 1910. 



