TEMPERATURE REGULATION 627 



first a rise in the combustion processes going on in the 

 body ; in case of high external temperature there occurs an 

 increased physical heat elimination, in connection with 

 which besides evaporation through the skin and lungs we 

 have also to consider the loss of heat by conduction and 

 radiation and, too, by transfer of heat to the inspired air 

 and to the ingested food. 48 According to Bubner's experi- 

 ments the boundary line between chemical and physical 

 regulation is modified by the state of nutrition, in the sense 

 that in a poorly nourished individual the physical elimina- 

 tion of heat first becomes apparent at higher temperature 

 than in a well nourished one, which, moreover, corresponds 

 with the experiences of daily life. 49 



Importance of the Nervous System in the Regulation of 

 Temperature. There is no doubt of the fact that the 

 nervous system exerts an important influence upon the pro- 

 cesses of heat regulation. This is indicated by the fact, well 

 known since Pfliiger's time, that in warm-blooded animals 

 with the cervical cord divided the temperature regulation 

 seems as good as lost, and these animals then behave toward 

 changes in the external temperature as do poikilothermous 

 animals. It also appears that such animals can scarcely 

 be brought into a febrile condition by infectious material. 

 A rather extensive failure of heat regulation may be noted 

 even from the influence of deep narcosis. The excessive 

 rises in temperature observed by many pathologists and 

 experimentally studied by Naunyn and Quincke in injuries 

 of the cervical cord, as in fractures of the cervical ver- 

 tebrae, in which temperatures of 42-44 C. sometimes occur, 

 are of much interest; they are referred in their produc- 

 tion to the combined influences of a more highly set heat 

 regulation, decreased heat elimination and increased heat 

 production in the muscles. 50 



Temperature rises have been observed from injury to 



49 Cf. Graham Lusk, 1. c., p. 76. 

 <Cf. O. Cohnheim, 1. c., pp. 412-413. 

 * L. Krehl, 1. c., pp. 476-477. 



