632 FEVER 



Fever Following the Introduction of Corpuscular Ele- 

 ments Into the Circulation. It would seem, moreover, that 

 even the simple presence of corpuscular body-foreign par- 

 ticles is sufficient to give rise to febrile temperatures. Wolf- 

 gang Heubner obtained a uniform and definite increase of 

 temperature by injection of very fine suspensions of paraf- 

 fine, and he suggests in the same line that in the paroxysms 

 of malaria numerous corpuscular elements gain access to 

 the blood stream at one time. 61 The foundry fever of brass 

 casters, a symptom-complex suggestively like malaria, is 

 produced, according to investigations of K. B. Lehmann, 

 by the very fine particles of zinc or zinc oxide gaining access 

 to the lungs. 62 It may well be that these particles pass from 

 the alveoli of the lungs into the blood. 



Hyperthermias Produced ~by Chemically Definite Sub- 

 stances. We are aware, moreover, of a number of chem- 

 ically definite substances which, appropriately applied, are 

 able to give rise to fever. Here belong substances of the 

 purin group. Thus Binz found that caffeine in doses in- 

 sufficient to produce cramps or convulsions can act thermo- 

 genetically, which feature he attributed to a heightened 

 nervous influence upon the muscles. So, too, A. E. Mandel 

 succeeded in producing temperature rises in monkeys by 

 means of xanthin, caffeine or decoctions of coffee, from 

 which he regarded himself justified in ascribing an impor- 

 tant role to the purin bases set free in toxic tissue destruc- 

 tion in relation to the production of fever (often accom- 

 panied by an increased elimination of purin bodies). 63 

 Atropine and cocaine can also at times cause an access of 

 temperature 64 and, too, a number of the derivatives of 

 anthrachinone. 65 The most striking effect is, however, seen 



81 W. Heubner (Gottingen), Miinchener med. Wochenschr., 1911, No. 46. 



K. B. Lehmann (Wiirzburg), Verhandl. d. Ges. d. Naturforsch,, 78, 362, 

 1906. 



"A. R. Mandel (New York), Amer. Jour, of Physiol., 10, 452, 1904, 20, 

 439, 1909. 



64 Cf. 0. Lowy, Ergebn. d. Physiol., 3', 355, 1904. 



m J. v. Magyari-Kossa (Budapesth), Arch, intern, de Pharmacodyn., 20, 

 167, 1910. 



