116 



chemical agents, viz. the sulphuric, muriatic, and nitric acids, potash, 

 soda, ammonia, and a variety of alkaline earths, magnesia, alumine, 

 different solutions of neutral salts, metallic oxides and solutions, and 

 other substances, the list of which is too long to be here inserted. 

 Many of the results may be considered as insulated facts ; but those 

 who attend to inquiries of this nature, will find most of them con- 

 nected with useful conclusions, tending to elucidate this obscure, but 

 no doubt very interesting part of chemistry. The ultimate result of 

 those experiments, as to the constituent parts of gall-nuts, is, that 

 500 grains of good Aleppo nuts gave by lixiviation with pure water, 

 till all the soluble parts were taken up, 185 grains of solid matter, 

 and that this matter, examined by analysis, consisted of 130 grains 

 of tannin ; 35 grains of gallic acid, with a little extractive matter ; 

 1 2 grains of mucilage, and matter rendered insoluble by evaporation, 

 and the remaining 8 grains of calcareous earth and saline matter. 



3. On the Extracts of Catechu, or Terra Juponica. This extract 

 is said to be obtained from the wood of a species of the Mimosa, 

 which is found abundantly in India, by decoction and subsequent 

 evaporation. There are two kinds, the one sent from Bombay, and 

 the other from Bengal. They somewhat differ from each other in 

 their external appearance, but very little, it seems, in their chemical 

 composition. The tastes of both are sensibly astringent ; and neither 

 of them deliquesces, or is apparently changed by exposure to air. 



Our President was the first who, noticing the more obvious qua- 

 lities of this substance, suspected that it contained the tanning prin- 

 ciple; and being possessed of a sufficient quantity, he was pleased to 

 supply Mr. Davy with all he wanted for the purpose of a chemical 

 examination. The first experiments showed that its solution copi- 

 ously precipitated gelatine, and that it speedily tanned skin. And 

 hence he was encouraged to undertake the particular investigation 

 of its properties, the account of which is the subject of the present 

 section. 



His mode of proceeding, of course, could not differ materially from 

 that which he adopted in the analysis of the gall-nuts. And indeed 

 most of the same, and some additional chemical agents, have been 

 put to the test. The ultimate analysis has been attended with some 

 difficulty, different specimens of this substance, though to all ap- 

 pearance ever so pure, differing materially among themselves ; the 

 natives, for the sake of profit, being apt to adulterate what they sell, 

 either with sand, earthy substances, or other extraneous matter. 



Mr. Davy, in order to obviate this difficulty, selected a number of 

 specimens, such as he had reason to think the least tainted, and 

 having reduced them into powder, he found the two sorts to consist 

 of the following ingredients : 200 grains of the extract of catechu 

 from Bombay consisted of 109 grains of tannin, 68 grains of a pe- 

 culiar extractive matter, 13 grains of mucilage, and 10 grains of re- 

 sidual matter, chiefly sand and calcareous earth. The same quantity 

 of the extract from Bengal yielded 97 grains of tannin, 73 grains of 

 peculiar extractive matter, 16 grains of mucilage, and 14 of residual 



