304- 



45 principally uric acid, with a small proportion of the phosphates. 

 66 principally phosphates, but containing a small quantity of uric 

 acid. 



12 phosphates only. 



5 uric acid, and phosphates on a nucleus of oxalate of lime. 



6 chiefly oxalate of lime. 



It is observed by Mr. Brande, that calculi from the bladder, con- 

 sisting of uric acid, contain a larger proportion of animal matter 

 combined with it, than is usually found in kidney- calculi. One cal- 

 culus, weighing twenty-five grains, being digested for two hours in 

 water, lost 5 grains, which were found, after evaporation of the 

 water, to be principally urea, combined with some muriate of am- 

 monia, and a little of the triple phosphate of magnesia. 



Sixty grains of another calculus also yielded 5'2 of urea to alco- 

 hol ; and being afterwards treated with acetic acid, they lost six more 

 grains by solution of triple phosphate, and the remaining 48' 8 were 

 pure uric acid. It is observed, that the presence of the triple phos- 

 phate along with uric acid, would occasion all the phenomena that 

 have been ascribed to a supposed urate of ammonia. 



Of Calculi from other animals, examined by Mr. Brande. One from 

 the kidney of a horse contained 76 phosphate of lime, 22 carbonate 

 of lime : another from the bladder of a horse, 45 phosphate of lime, 

 28 triple phosphate of magnesia, 10 carbonate of lime, and 15 animal 

 matter. 



Calculi from the bladder of an ox were found to be carbonate of 

 lime with animal matter. 



A calculus from a sheep's kidney contained 72 phosphate of lime, 

 20 carbonate of lime, and 8 animal matter. 



The sediment from the urine of a rhinoceros was principally car- 

 bonate of lime, with a small proportion of phosphate of lime. 



A large calculus, from the bladder of an old dog, contained 64 

 phosphate of lime, 30 ammoniacal phosphate of magnesia, and 6 of 

 animal matter. 



A calculus from a hog's bladder was principally carbonate of lime. 



One from a rabbit contained phosphate of lime, and carbonate of 

 lime, nearly in equal quantities. 



Because of the difficulty of accounting for the formation of oxalate 

 of lime, Mr. Brande has frequently examined the urine of calculous 

 patients, but has never been able to detect it, either there or in 

 healthy urine. 



With respect to the use of solvents, it is observed, that those which 

 have been recommended, under different circumstances, are of two 

 kinds, acid or alkaline, opposite in their nature to each other, and 

 accordingly each liable to occasion whatever the other is adapted to 

 remove. The alkalies may prevent the formation of uric calculi, but 

 will increase the disposition to form the phosphates. So also the 

 acid, which dissolves the earthy phosphates, will at least have no 

 action upon a nucleus of uric acid, and may occasion it to be in- 

 creased by a fresh deposition. 



