4-GO 



remains of the hippopotamus, in particular, are so frequent, that in 

 an area of 120 square yards, as many as six tusks of that animal 

 were found along with various others of the bones, tusks, and horns 

 that have been mentioned. 



One horn of an ox measured as much as four feet six inches in 

 length, and five inches in diameter at the base ; and the size of this, 

 it is observed, is the more remarkable, as another horn of an ox was 

 found near it, only six inches long ; but it is added, that they all 

 appear to have been deposited as mere bones without the flesh ; for 

 in no instance have two bones that are connected in the living animal 

 been found together. Although these bones have lost their cohesion, 

 as if perished by lying long in a moist stratum, they do not seem 

 worn in any degree, as would have happened if they had been 

 washed by the sea for any length of time. 



The third stratum in this field is sandy loam, highly calcareous, 

 containing horns, bones, and teeth of deer and oxen, with snail-shells, 

 and shells of river fish. 



Below this stratum follow the gravel and clay corresponding to 

 those of the other field ; but as the existence of these has been ascer- 

 tained solely in digging for water, it is not known, by actual exami- 

 nation, whether the organic remains which they may contain are of 

 the same kinds. 



On a new Construction of a Condenser and Air-pump. By the Rev. 

 Gilbert Austin. In a Letter to Sir Humphry Davy, LL.D. F.R.S. 

 Read March 11, 1813. \Phil. Trans. 1813,^. 138.] 



Mr. Austin's object in constructing this apparatus was to impreg- 

 nate fluids with any condensible gas by the aid of compression ; and 

 for the sake of preserving them in a state of purity, every part was 

 made, as far as possible, of glass. The retort, in which the air is 

 formed ; the reservoir, in which the supply is contained ; the straight 

 tube, through which it is conveyed, and which serves as a piston ; the 

 cylinder and barrel of the pump ; the receiver, containing the fluid 

 to be impregnated ; and the valves that confine it, are all made of 

 glass, the only exception being the stuffing of the piston, for which 

 he names various soft materials that may be advantageously em- 

 ployed. 



For the sake of greater simplicity in the construction, all the parts 

 are arranged in the same vertical line. The reservoir at bottom, in 

 which the air is first collected, is a large bell, with a perforation at 

 the top, where it is connected with the glass rod, which serves as a 

 piston. These are firmly fixed in position ; for in this instrument, 

 the condensation is effected by moving the barrel upon the piston, 

 instead of having a fixed barrel with a moveable piston. Accord- 

 ingly, the receiver, which is attached to the upper extremity of the 

 glass barrel, is carried up and down with it in effecting the conden- 

 sation. 



The great impediment to forming pneumatic instruments of glass 



