163 



of Is. 3rf. each man for labour, making a total of 14,285/. in the 

 Alto-Douro, and 142, 850/. for all Portugal. 



I will suppose that there are 4000 vineyards in the Alto-Douro, 

 planted each with 20,000 vines. The first cost of syringes and 

 fumigators would amount to not less than 101, for each vineyard, or 

 a total of 40,000/. for the Alto-Douro. 



One quart of water would be required for every vine in each ope- 

 ration, making a total of about 90,000 pipes, the cartage of which, 

 and the labour of distributing it over the mountain vineyards, in 

 tubs, on men's heads, would cost a minimum of 10s. per pipe, or a 

 total of 45,000/. for the Alto-Douro, and 450.000/. for the whole 

 country. 



Recapitulation. 



In the Douro. In the whole 

 country. 



For sulphur, say 135,000 1,350,000 



For labour, at 15,000 for each of the 1 



three operations J 



For water, at 45,000 for each of the > 



three operations, or as much as the > 135,000 1,350,000 



sulphur J 



For instruments 40,000 400,000 



355,000 3,550,000 



This is independent of any charge for factors or superintendents, or 

 for the extra expense in treating vines and vineyards which are so 

 much further apart than are those in the Alto-Douro. 



This expense to be incurred in the endeavour to save one year's 

 crop, would be equal to a charge of 41. 10s. per pipe, or to a year 

 and a half's rental of the vineyards, or to more than the whole revenue 

 of Portugal for an entire year. 



If a solution of lime and sulphur be employed instead of flour of 

 sulphur, the operation would not be less expensive. 



If, in conjunction with the sulphuring of the branches, the roots 

 were to be exposed, and sulphur and lime thrown upon them, I could 

 not estimate the total expense at less than l^rf. to l^d. per vine, 

 which would entail a charge equal to another year and a half's 



VOL. vn. n 



