400 



now add our own deductions from the observations which the image 

 reflected by the mirror has afforded us. 



Opening of the Glottis. 



At the moment when the person draws a deep breath, the epi- 

 glottis being raised, we are able to see the following series of move- 

 ments : the arytenoid cartilages become separated by a very free 

 lateral movement ; the superior ligaments are placed against the ven- 

 tricles ; the inferior ligaments are also drawn back, though in a less 

 degree, into the same cavities ; and the glottis, large and wide open, 

 is exhibited so as to show in part the rings of the trachea. But 

 unfortunately, however dexterous we may be in disposing these 

 organs, and even when we are most successful, at least the third 

 part of the anterior of the glottis remains concealed by the epi- 

 glottis. 



Movement of the Glottis. 



As soon as we prepare to produce a sound, the arytenoid carti- 

 lages approach each other, and press together by their interior 

 surfaces, and by the anterior apophyses, without leaving any space, 

 or intercartilaginous glottis ; sometimes even they come in contact 

 so closely as to cross each other by the tubercles of Santorini. To 

 this movement of the anterior apophyses, that of the ligaments of 

 the glottis corresponds, which detach themselves from the ventricles, 

 come in contact with different degrees of energy, and show them- 

 selves at the bottom of the larynx under the form of an ellipse of a 

 yellowish colour. The superior ligaments, together with the ary- 

 teno-epiglottidean folds, assist to form the tube which surmounts 

 the glottis ; and being the lower and free extremity of that tube, 

 enframe the ellipse, the surface of which they enlarge or diminish 

 according as they enter more or less into the ventricles. These last 

 scarcely retain a trace of their opening. By anticipation, we might 

 say of these cavities, that, as will afterwards appear clearly enough 

 in these pages, they only afford to the two pair of ligaments a 

 space in which they may easily range themselves. When the 

 aryteno-epiglottidean folds contract, they lower the epiglottis, and 

 make the superior orifice of the larynx considerably narrower. 



The meeting of the lips of the glottis, naturally proceeding from 

 the front towards the back, if this movement is well managed, it 



