74 IONIZATION OF COMPLEX 



the concentrations with respect to the two electrolytes : to find 

 the concentrations. As before, OY (,Fig. 3) is given. From Y 

 draw Y T parallel to the dilution axis, making it of such length 

 that T Y/U Y is equal to the given ratio of the concentrations 

 NN. Bisect X T in W. Then 



N 2 also may therefore be found. 



(3.) Given the required state of ionization and the total 

 concentration (N l + N 2 ) or the difference of the concentrations 

 (Nj N 2 ): to find N t and N 2 . The state of ionization being 

 given, not only are a l and a 2 known, but also the total ionic 

 concentration, a l Nj + 2 N a , which is equal to the regional 

 ionic concentration common to the two electrolytes. N t and N 2 

 may therefore be determined. 



(4.) Given the required state of ionization in a solution which 

 is to have a given conductivity : to find the concentrations N t 

 and N 2 . As in (3), a^ a 2 , and a x N t + a 2 N s are known. The 

 conductivity is expressed by the equation : 



k = a l N^j + 2 N 2 ^2, 



the /"a/ 8 being the equivalent conductivities, at infinite dilution, 

 of simple solutions of 1 and 2, and being thus known. N t and 

 N 2 may therefore be determined. 



Other methods of determining the ionization for complex 



sol at ions. 



(1.) Schrader 1 has attempted to determine the ionization 

 coefficients for solutions containing two electrolytes with a com- 

 mon ion, by a combination of observations of their conductivity 

 and their electrolysis. The expression of the dissociation theory 

 for the conductivity of such a solution may be put into the 

 form : 



J Zur Elektrolyse von Gemischen, Inaug. Dies., Berlin, 1897. 



