76 



IONIZATION OF COMPLEX 



electrolysis 1 , lowering of the freezing point 2 , specific gravity and 

 other physical 8 properties, of complex solutions, in all cases 

 in which the attempt has been made, except in the case of 

 Schrader's solutions containing copper sulphate and sulphuric 

 acid, in which there can be little doubt that the acid sulphate 

 had formed. In the case of Schrader's solutions of potassium 

 iodide and chloride, his observations of conductivity and his 

 electrolytic observations have been shown to be consistent with 

 calculability though they are not sufficiently precise to demon- 

 strate it. We may thus fairly test Schrader's electrolytically 

 determined ionization coefficients by comparing them with those 

 obtained by the above method. 



I have accordingly determined the coefficients for the four 

 solutions examined by him, and they are given in the following 

 table. In determining them I have used Kohlrausch's observa- 

 tions of the conductivity of simple solutions, and as the equiva- 

 lent conductivities at infinite dilution, not Kohlrausch's most 

 recent determinations, but those employed by Schrader. As 

 Schrader does not state at what temperature he made his 

 observations, he may be supposed to have made them at ordi- 

 nary laboratory temperature, which is not far removed from 

 Kohlrausch's temperature, 18 C. 



1 MacGregor: Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., (2). 4, sec. 3, 117, 1898-99. 

 * Archibald: Trans. N. S. Inst. Sci , 10, 33, 1898-99. 

 3 MacGregor: Ibid. 9, 219, 1896-97- 



Archibald: Ibid., 9, 335, 1897-98. 



Barnes : loc. cit. 



