504 EARLY INTERVALE FLORA 



often have been exterminated ; but, in addition to this, the con- 

 ditions prevailing in the more hilly districts seem to favor their 

 growth. Indeed, the more probable presence of a shaded hillside 

 beside the stream would go far in itself to explain this. 



These species have been chosen as both eminent!}'- typical 

 and likely to have been noticed. With them would almost 

 everywhere be found the Spring Beauty (Claytonia Caroliniana, 

 Michx.), but its distribution is very much- wider, as it is found 

 in rich woods even on the summits of some of our highest hills. 



Just outside the limits of shade will nearly always be found 

 the Downy Yellow Violet, Viola scabriuscula (T. & G.), ISchwein, 

 which is widely reported throughout the district from Cumber- 

 land to Cape Breton. V. rotundifolia, Michx., is said to occur 

 in several localities, all such, however, that the preceding species 

 would be expected, and to it these references probably belong. 

 V. Labradorica, Schrank, and V. arenaria, D. C., are likely 

 found throughout the district, the latter on drier sandy soil, and 

 apparently the commoner in Pictou Co. 



Uvularia sessilifolia, L. has been noticed by a much smaller 

 number of observers, but it is widely distributed, and probably 

 on the whole nearly as common as the others. 



To complete this list, so far as the common earlier flowers 

 are concerned, there should be added Ranunculus abortivus, L., 

 Actaea rabra (Ait.) Willd, and Dentaria diphylla, Michx., though 

 none of these is strictly restricted to such localities. Prof. 

 Macoun, (Catalogue, Part III., p. 480), states that his N. S. speci- 

 mens of R. abortivus belong to Var. Micranthus, as then 

 understood. Careful study of plants gathered at various points 

 along West River, Pictou, where they are abundant, leaves no 

 doubt that they at least should be referred to R. abortivus. 



Panax tri/olium, L is less often reported, and is certainly 

 not found in some localities where all of the preceding are com- 

 mon, but its distribution is probably pretty general. 



Interesting and beautiful, but rare, is Hepatica Hepatica 

 (L.), Karst, not certainly known except from the East River of 



