46 RELICS OF THE STONE AGE IN NOVA SCOTIA PIERS. 



length. Another specimen of this kind is in my own collection, 

 and was found at Waverley, near Dartmouth, by Mr. Skerry 

 (Fig. 94). It, together with three of the six just mentioned, are 

 wide and exhibit a very deep, broad groove. Another, narrow 

 and 9 inches long, is very interesting (Fig. 64). Although the 

 groove is quite evident and extends for half the length, yet the 

 end of the tool bears no cutting edge, that portion being blunt. 

 The other extremity, however, has been rubbed into a narrow 

 adze-like edge. The implement may be a disabled gouge which 

 had been altered into an adze ; the gouge groove, having been 

 utilized as a convenient resting place for the T-shaped portion of 

 a handle, which was then whipped round with thongs. Or 

 possibly the groove may have been intentionally made in order 

 to assist in maintaining the position of the haft. Another 

 specimen (Fig. 65) much resembles the one just described, but 

 the gouge-edge is less blunt. Both may have been hafted in the 

 middle like a modern pick-axe, and so used both as a gouge and 

 and as an adze ; but this is not probable. As a slick-stone for 

 dressing skins, the combination of two forms would not be with- 

 out advantage. The fragment of an adze-like implement (Fig. 

 46) which has been referred to in my description of polished 

 stone hatchets and adzes, resembles the two tools I have just 

 noticed, inasmuch as although the edge is undoubtedly adze-like 

 in shape, yet the upper portion of the fragment bears a shallow 

 but distinct groove. Among the specimens in the cabinet of the 

 Canadian Institute, Toronto, is an implement having a gouge at 

 one extremity and a chisel at the other. It was found in Simcoe 

 County, Ontario, and will be found figured in the report of the 

 Institute for 1891, page 38. 



An examination of at least three gouges (Figs. 61, 63, 94,) of 

 the second or half-grooved form, puts it beyond doubt that these 

 three were hafted like adzes, with the concavity facing the user. 

 My own specimen (Fig. 94) from Waverley shows plainly on the 

 convex side two ridges for retaining the lashing, and another 

 (Fig. 63), well proportioned, exhibits two prominent nodules for 

 the same purpose. One or two adze-like " celts " bear similar 



