RELICS OF THE STONE AGE IN NOVA SCOTIA PIERS. 47 



nodules (Figs. 47 and 22). Probably many other gouges were 

 thus hafted. Without doubt it was the most reasonable method 

 of handling these tools when delivering excavating blows. 



We shall now pass to those gouges in which the groove extends 

 throughout the entire length. Five well-defined examples (Figs, 

 66-70) are in the Fairbanks collection, together with two (Figs. 

 71, 72) which are rough and very poorly formed. The groove 

 varies in depth from about '09 of an inch (Fig. 72) to more than 

 *50 of an inch (Fig. 66), and in width from a little over "75 to- 

 nearly T50, Three of the five well-formed examples are frag- 

 mentary, having been transversely broken near the middle. 

 The adze-like manner of hafting would not be quite so well 

 adapted to this particular form. 



Grooved Axes. These implements are rarely found in Nova 

 Scotia. Dr. Patterson has succeeded in obtaining but one speci- 

 men (7'25 inches long by 325 wide) which was discovered at St. 

 Mary's, Guysborough County. Two examples are in the Provincial 

 Museum, Halifax, and have been previously described.* One of 

 them is double grooved. In this respect it is probably unique in 

 Nova Scotia. The second groove was very likely formed in 

 order to shift the haft and so improve the balance of a faulty 

 implement. These, together with the examples which I am 

 about to describe, are a 11 which have come to my notice in Nova 

 Scotia. It is quite possible that they were only introduced 

 through trade with other tribes or as trophies of war. They are 

 also rare in Ontario as compared with Ohio, Kentucky, and some 

 neighbouring states. Dr. Bailey informs me that of six axes in 

 the museum of the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, 

 four are grooved, and he has seen others of the same kind in the 

 St. John collection and elsewhere in that province. 



Two well-formed, perfect specimens (Figs. 73-74) each with 

 a single groove, are in the Fairbanks collection. They agree in 

 outline and general proportions, and their form may be consider- 

 ed typical. The larger one (Fig. 73) is 7'50 inches long and '4 

 inches in greatest width, and weighs 49J ounces. The smaller 



* Trans. N. 8. Inst. Nat. Sc., vol. vii., p. 282. 



