152 TESTUDINlDiE. 



II. Carapace elongate, margin not at all 



rcvcrffcl, dark bro^vn or black, each 

 dor.sal sliiokl yellowish in the centre ; 

 nuchal shield absent ; gular shields 

 distinct, not produced 4. ialulata, p. 157. 



III. Heel with particularly large, conical, spur-like bony tubercles ; 

 suture between the anal shields considerably shorter than 

 that between the abdominals ; carapace of adult uniform or 

 closely spotted with black. 



A. Kuchal shield present; supracaudal 



shields two 5. emys, p. 158. 



B. Nuchal absent ; supracaudal single. 



1. Carapace flattened on the vertebral region. 



Lateral marginals about as long as deep, 



forming an angle ; pectoral shields very 



narrow in the middle and widening 



gradually towards the sides 6. argentina, p. 159. 



Lateral marginals much deeper than long, 



descending almost vertically ; pectoral 



shields very narrow, widening abruptly 



towards the axillary notch 7. calcarata, p. 159. 



2. Carapace very convex, spotted with 



black ; nuchal margin with a very 



strong angular notch 8. ixirdaJis, p. 100. 



IV. Carapace very convex, black with yellow lines ladiating from 

 the areolae, or yellow or brownish with black radiating lines. 



A. No nuchal shield. 



Heel and hinder side of thighs with spur- 

 like tubercles ; plastron with dark radiat- 

 ing lines 9. elegans, p. IGl. 



Heel and hinder side of thighs witliout spur- 

 like tubercles ; plastron without radiating 

 lines 10. plaUjnota, p. 162. 



B. Nuchal shield present. 



1. Upper head-shields small and irregular. 



a. No subconical tubercle on the hinder side of the thigh. 



Nuchal very narrow, elongate; beak strongly 



hooked 11. geometrica, p. 162. 



Nuchal rather large, widening posteriorly ; 



lateral marginals forming an angle with 



the costuls ; beak feebly hooked 12. verreauxii, p. 163. 



