20. TESTUDO. 107 



beak scarcely hooked ; jaws denticulated : alveolar surface of upper 

 jaw with a strong median ridge. Fore limb with roundish imbricate 

 scales, a few only of wliich are very large ; no enlarged tuberolo on 

 the hinder side of the thigh. Carapace black, with yellow areolar 

 spots from which yellow streaks radiate ; the rays from the costal 

 areola^ to the lower border of the same shield arc the largest and 

 the most constant ; plastron yellow with black rays or large angular 

 black spots, or black with yellow rays. 



Length of shell 33 centim. 



Madagascar. 



a, b,c, S Sc jg., stffd. ^ludagascar. 



d. 2) ^^^^- Madagascar. 



e. c? , shell. Madagascar. Rev. G. H. R. Fisk [P.]. 

 /, f/. S ^ hgr., shells. Madagascar. Gen. TIardwicke [P.]. 

 /(.'Hgr., carapace. Madagascar. Royal Society [P.]. (Type.) 

 i, k, I, m, n, o. Ilgr. & Madagascar. 



yg., shells. 

 p. Yg., stffd. ? 



19. Testiido elephantina*. 



Testudo indica, part., Gray, Syn. liept. p. 9 (1831), and Cat. Tort. 



p. 5 (1844), and Sh. Rcpt. i. p. 6, pi. xxxv. fig. 1 (18oo), and 



Sitppl. ]). (1870). 



elephantina, part., Dum. ^- Bibr. ii. p. 110 (1835). 



Megalochelys indica, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 724. 



Testudo elephantina, Giinth. Giy. Land-Tort. p. 21, pis. i.-iv., viii.- 



xvii., xix. (1877) : Peters, JReise n. 3fossamb. iii. p. 3, pi. iii. B 



(1882). 

 ponderosa, Gunth. I. c. p. 35, pis. yi., viii., ix., xiii., & xviii. 



Shell thick, not twice as long as deep, declivous in front and 

 behind, with the anterior and posterior margins feebly reverted ; 

 anterior margin not, or but feebly notched ; nuchal shield present, 

 small ; supracaudal undivided ; dorsal shields more or less distinctly 

 grooved concentrically, even in the adult ; vertebral shields much 

 broader than long, at least as broad as costals. Plastron rather 

 Jarge, lobes narrowed, truncated in front, notched behind ; the width 

 of the bridge is contained about twice and one third in the length 

 of the carapace ; median sutures between the gulars, the pectorals, 

 and the anals very short ; axillary and inguinal small. Head small, 

 with convex forehead ; a pair of very large shields cover the fore- 

 head ; beak feebly hooked, bi- or tricuspid: edge of jaws feebly 

 denticulated ; alveolar surface of upper jaw with a strong tubercular 

 median ridge ; neck long. Fore limb anteriorly with large, uncqual- 



* For a full nccoiint of the specimens of Gigantic Land- Tortoises in the 

 Museum, consult Giinther's Monograpli, forniiiig a Catalogue to tliat part of 

 the Collection. In the ca.se of the extinct Mascarene forms, I have limited 

 myself to reproducing the original diagnoses. Since the publication of that 

 work two more extinct species (probably contemporaries of the Mascarene forms) 

 haye been described from Madagascar, \iz. 71 ahriipta, Grandid., and T.grcindi- 

 dicri, Vaill. { = Emys gigantca, Grand.); cf. C. E. Ac. Sc. c. 1885, p. 874. 



