3. CniXRA. 4. CYCLODERMA. 265 



Olive or green above, whitish inferiorly ; dorsal disk of young with 

 dark vermiculations ; head and neck with dark longitudinal lines. 



Length of dorsal diisk GO centim. 



Ganges and Ira wad dy. 



a, b, Ilgi-. & yg., stfid. India. Capt. Boyes [C.]. 



c. Ad., skel. Calcutta. 



(/. Ad., skel. (incomplete). Allahabad. W. Theobald, Esq. [E.]. 



e. Ad., skull & hyoid bonus. Nepal. Dr. Falconer [1\], 



4. CYCLODERMA. 



Cycloderma, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 216, aiid Eeise n. 



Mossamb. iii. p. 9 (1882), 

 Cyclauosteus, part., Gray, Cat. Sh. Hept. i. p. 64 (1855). 

 Ileptatlivra, Co^ie, Proc. Ac. Philacl. 18.59, p. 294 ; Gray, Siippl, Cat. 



M. Pept. i. p. 92 (1870), and Proc. Zoo/. Soc. 1873, p. 41. 

 Aspidocbelys, Gray, P)-oc. Zool. Soc. 1800, p. 6. 

 Cycloderma, part., Strauch, Chelon. Stud. p. 55 (1802). 



Nuchal notched at the outer end, which underlies the first costal 

 plate ; no pra?nuchal bone ; neural plates weU developed, eight or 

 nine in number, forming a continuous series ; eighth pair of costals 

 large in the adult, forming a median suture. Plastron with a 

 cutaneous femoral valve, under which the hind limb may be con- 

 cealed ; hyoplastron coossified with hypoplastron ; seven plastral 

 callosities (in the adult). Eony choanie between the orbits ; jaws 

 comparatively feeble ; postorbital arch very broad, much broader 

 than the diameter of the orbit ; posterior border of pterygoids with 

 a median ascending process forming a suture with the opisthotic. 



Tropical Africa. 



1. Cycloderma frenatum. 



Cycloderma frenatum, Peters, Mo7i. Bcrl. Ac. 1854, p. 216, and 



Peise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 14, pis. i.-iii. a (1882). 

 Cyclanosteus frenatus, Gray, Cat. Sh. Pcpt. i. p. 64 (1856). 

 Aspidocbelys livingstonii. Gray, P-oc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 6, pi. xxii. 

 Heptathyra livingstonii, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 94. 

 frenata. Gray, I, c, and Snppl. Cat. Sh. Pejyt. i. p. 93 (1870). 



Carapace and plastral callosities finely granulate and vermiculate ; 

 two neural plates between the first pair of costals ; seven plastral 

 callosities, of which the entoplastral is very small, transverse, 

 subcrescentic ; hyo-hypoplastral callosities widely separated from 

 each other. Head much depressed, with the eyes quite anterior, 

 the snout very short ; interorbital space very narrow, not half the 

 diameter of the orbit. Dark green above, head and neck with 

 black longitudinal bauds. 



Length of dorsal disk 50 centim. 



Zambezi. 



