CRINOIDEA. 17 



Branch B. CALICULATA. 



Caliculata, Bell, Ann. 8,- Mag. viii. (1891) p. 213. 



Echinoderma in which part at least of the skeleton is formed by 

 a system of plates set alternately along and between the rays in the 

 aboral region, and round a single central plate ; it either forms a 

 complete functional calyx, or is more or less reduced. 



Stage /3. Actinogonidiata. 



Actinogonidiata, Bell, Ann. $ Mag. viii. (1891) p. 213. 



Caliculate Echinoderma in which the gonads are radial in posi- 

 tion or have undergone fusion and become interradial. 



Subbranch I. STATOZOA. 

 Statozoa, id. t. c. p. 214. 



Actinogonidiate caliculate Echinoderma in which the body, whose 

 oral surface looks upward, is temporarily or permanently fixed; 

 the podia have a respiratory function only, and the anus opens 

 on the oral surface. They may or may not have or have had a 

 stalk ; the former are in the pelmatozoic, the latter in the apelma- 

 tozoic grade. 



Class VIII. CRINOIDEA. 



Crinoidea, Miller, Nat. Hist. Crin. (1821) p. 7 ; Gray, Sun. B. M. 



42nd ed. (1840) p. 63; id. Brit. Bad. (1842) p. 27: Norman, Ann. $ 



Mag. xv. (1865) p. 100 ; Carpenter, Chall. Bep. Crin. 1884, p. 187 ; 



Bell, Ann. $ Mag. viii. (1891) p. 215. 

 Stilasteritse, Goldfuss, Pet. Germ. i. (1829) p. 161. 

 Asterencrinea, de Bl, Diet. Sri, Nat. lx. (1830) p. 228. 

 Asterencrinidea, id. Act. (1834) p. 247. 

 Crinoides (pars), Ag. Mem. Soc. Neuchdt. i. (1836) p. 193 ; id. Ann. 



Sri, Nat. vii. (1837) p. 288; Duj. ,y Hup. Ech. (1862) p. 35. 

 Crinoidese, Forbes, Mem. Wern. Soc. viii. (1839) p. 128 ; id. BHt. Starf. 



(1840) p. xiv. 

 Pinaigrada, id. Brit. Starf. (1840) p. xiv. 

 Pinnastella Crinoidea, Austin, Ann. §■ Mag. x. (1842) p. 108. 

 Actinoidea, F. Boemer, Leth. Geog. (1852-4) i. 2. p. 224. 

 Crinoidea brachiata, Barmeister, Zoonom. Brief, i. (1856) p. 243. 

 Brachiata, Haeckel, Gen. Morph. (1866) p. lxviii. 

 Eucrinoidea, Zittel, Hdbuch. Pal. (1879) p. 325. 



Caliculate, actinogonidial, statozoic Echinodermata, provided with 

 branching articulated arms. In a number of forms the stalked 

 condition is larval only or it is altogether lost : the power of loco- 

 motion is often re-acquired. A highly specialized aboral nervous 

 system. Gonads developed in the arms. Five or more water-pores 

 establish a communication between the coeloni and the exterior. 



