CTTCUMAKIA. 39 



Hol. Phil. (1868) p. 271 ; Pourt. Bull. Mm. C. Z. i. (1869) p. 359 ; 

 Mob. $ Biitsch. JB. Comm. Kiel, ii. & iii. (1875) p. 151 ; Norman, 

 Ann. $ Mar/. N. H. vi. (1880) p. 435; Hoffm. Niederl. Arch. f. 

 Zool., Suppl. Bd. i. (1881) Ech. p. 17 ; Theel, Proc. Boy. Soc. Edinb. 

 xi. (1882) p. 694 ; Lampert, Seeivalzen, (1885) p. 166; ThSel, Chall. 

 Rep. Hol. (1886) p. 118. 

 Cucurnaria typica, Ludiciy, Klass. u. Ordn, (1891) p. 344. 



Body very small, bowed on itself, the terminal seventh or eighth 

 part very much narrower than the rest. Body-wall firm, owing to 

 the presence of large, flat, calcareous scales (PI. IV. fig. 1), which 

 are perforated with a number of small holes and many of which 

 have a projecting spine ; these spines give a very characteristic 

 hedgehog-like appearance. The podia completely developed in the 

 three ventral rows, where they are set in a zigzag. 



Colour whitish. 



Size about half an inch. 



Distribution. Both sides of Xorth Atlantic, extending from the 

 Arctic Sea to the Bay of Biscay, and from 40-555 fms. 



a. 54° 1' N., 12° 14' W., 422 fms. ' Porcupine ' Exp. 



6. Cucumaria frondosa. (Plate IY. fig. 2.) 



Holothuria frondosa, Gunnerus, Vet.-Akad. Hdlq. xxviii. (1767) 



p. 115, pi. iv. figs. 1 & 2 ; Linn. Sysi. Nat. xii. (1767) p. 1089 ; O. 



F. Midler, Prod. Zool. Dan. (1 776) p. 231 ; Fabricius, Faun. Grcenl. 



(1780) p. 353 ; Lamk. An. s. Vert. iii. (1816) p. 73. 

 Holothuria pentactes, O. F. Mailer, Prod. Zool. Dan. (1776) p. 232 ; 



Fain: Faun. Grcenl. (1780) p. 352 ; O. F. Mailer, Zool. Dan. i. 



(1788) p. 36, pi. xxxi. fig. 8; Abilyaard, Zool. Dan. iii. (1789) 



p. 45, pi. cviii. figs. 1-4 ; Vahl, in Bathke, Zool. Dan. iv. (1806) 



p. 3, pis. exxiii.-vii. 

 Pentacta frondosa, Jiiger, De Hol. (1833) p. 12; Maitland, Faun. 



Belej. (1851) p. 95; Stimpson, Inv, Grand Manan (1853) p. 16; 



Ay res, Proc. Cal, Acad. Nat. Set. i. (1855) p. 68; Vet-rill, Proc. 



Post. Soc. N. H x. (1866) pp. 352 & 357 ; Bathbun, Fisheries U.S. 



(1884) p. 838. 

 Cuvieria (?) frondosa, de Bl. Diet. Sci. Nat, lx. (1830) p. 173. 

 Holothuria grandis, Forbes Sf Goodsir, Athenceum, 1839, no. 618, 



p. 647. 

 Holothuria fucicola, iid, ibid. 

 Cucumaria frondosa, Forbes, Brit. Star/. (1841) p. 209 ; Dub. $ Eor. 



Vet.-Akad. Hdlg. 1844 (1846), p. 293, pi. iv. tig. 1 : Liitken, Vid. 



Medd. 1857, p. 2 ; McAndmo $ Barrett, Ann. $ May. xx. (1857) 



p. 43 ; Sars, Nory. Ech. (1861) p. 100 ; Selenka, Zeit. wiss. Zool. xvii. 



(1867) p. 347, pi. xix. fig. 102 ; Semper, Hol. Phil. (1868) pp. 234 



& 268 ; Norman, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1868 (1869), p. 316 ; Pourtales, 



Bull. Mus. C. Z. i. (1869) p. 359; Duncan §• Sladen, Arctic Echin. 



(1883) p. 2, pi. i. fi>s. 1 & 2; Ludwiy, Notes Leyden Mus. iv. 



(1882) p. 129; Jensen, Arch. Biol. iv. (1883) p. 74; Lampert, 



Seewahen, (1885) p. 135 ; Theel, Chall. Bep. Hol. (1886) p. 110. 

 Botryodactyla grandis, Ayres, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. iv. (1852) 



p. 52. 

 Botryodactyla affinis [n. n.], id. torn. cit. p. 145. 



