48 H0L0THCEI01DEA. 



6. HOLOTHURIA. 



Holothuria (pars), Linn. St/st. Nat. xii. (1767) p. 1089; Gunnerus, 

 Act Holm. 1767, p. 115 ; O. F. Mull. Prod. Zool. Dan. 1770, p. 231 ; 

 Lawk. An. s. Vert. (1801) p. 351; Cuvier, Regne An. (1821) p. 310; 

 de Bl. Diet. Sci. Nat. xxi. (1821) p. 310; Jtiyer, De Hoi. (1833) 

 p. 21 ; de Bl. Act. (1834) p. 192; Brandt, Prodr. descr. An. (1835) 

 p. 53. 



Actinia, Pallas, Misc. Zool. 1766, p. 152 (non Linnams). 



Holothuria, Goldfvss, Zoologie, (1820) p. 177 : Dab. $ Kor. Vet. Ah. 

 Hdlg. 1844 (1846), p. 318; Selenka, Zeits. f. iv. Zool. xvii. (1867) 

 p 321 ; Semp. Hoi. Phil. (1868) p. 77 ; Lampert, Seeivab. (1885) 

 p. 16 ; Thiel, Chall. Rep. Hoi, (1886) p. 202 ; Bell, Ann. 8f Mag. 

 viii. (1891) p. 108; Ludwig, Bronn's Kl. u. Ordn. i. (1891) p. 329. 



Fistularia, Lamk. An, s. Vert. iii. (1816) p. 74. 



Aspidochirote Holothurians with twenty tentacles, more or less, 

 without anal " teeth " as in Actinopyga, or C-shaped deposits as in 

 Stichopus ; the genital tubes in one tuft ;_the podia usually scattered, 

 sometimes in the form of pedicels, sometimes of papillae. 



Key to the Species. 



Pedicels only 1- &• intestinalis. 



Pedicels and papillae 2. H. tremula. 



Pedicels almost entirely ventral 3. H . nigra. 



Two rows of pedicels on either side of the hody 4. If. aspera. 



1. Holothuria intestiualis. (Plate YI. fig. 3.) 



Holothuria intestinalis, Ascanius t\ Bathke, Icones, v. (1805) pi. xlv. ; 

 Diib. $ Kor. Vet.-Akad. Hdlg. 1844 (1846), p. 321, pi. iv. figs. 

 28-33; Forbes fy Goodsir, Trans. Bog. Soc. Edin. xx. (1853) 

 p. 309, pi. ix. fig. 1 ; Sars, Norg. Ech. (1861) p. 113 ; Norman, 

 Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1866 (1867), p. 195 ; Jarzgnskg, Trans. Petersb. 

 Soc. Nat. i. (1870) p. 319; Marenzeller, Verh. zool.-bot, Ges. Wien, 

 xxvii. (1877) p. 121; Lampert, Seeivalzen, (1885) p. 60; Theel, 

 Chall. Rep. Hoi. (1886) p. 209. 



Fistularia mollis, Sars, Beskriv. og Jagttag. (1835) p. 40. 



Thyonidium scabrum, Sars, Fork. Vid. Selsk. Christ. 1867 (1868), 

 p. 19 ; G. O. Sars, op. cit. 1871 (1872), p. 27 f. n. 



Body elongated ; skin wrinkled, often entangling debris of sand 

 and shell, a little rough to the touch ; podia numerous, scattered, 

 larger on the dorsal than the ventral surface. Deposits in the form 

 of tables only ; these have a disk with a central hole and about ten 

 perforations round it, with perhaps some smaller : margin of disk 

 wavy ; spire well-developed, with a transverse bar, and terminating 

 in short spines. 



Colour yellowish in spirit. 



Size up to 9 or 10 inches in length ; breadth one third to one 

 fourth the length. 



Distribution, Eastern side of North Atlantic, from British Islands 

 northwards ; White Sea. To 672 fms. 



