150 ECE1NOIDEA, 



The spines vary somewhat, but a length of about 12 mm. is 

 probably common among the primary spines of average-sized 

 examples. 



Distribution. Bay of Biscay, West coasts of Ireland and Scotland. 



a-c. 28 miles W., \ S. of Dursley Head, 108 fms. Royal Irish Academy. 



d-f. 45 miles of Blackrock, 500 fms. Royal Dublin Soc. 



g~j. S.W. coast of Ireland, 110 fms. ' Flying Fox ' Exp. 



k-p. S.W. coast of Ireland, 1 80 fms. ' Flying Fox ' Exp. 



q. S.W. coast of Ireland, 500 fms. ' Flying Fox ' Exp. 



4. Echinus miliaris. 



Echinus miliaris *, L., Gmel. Syst. Nat. xiii. (1778) p. 3169 ; Lamk. 



An. s. Vert. hi. (1816) p. 49; de Bl. Diet. Set. Nat. xxxvii. (1825) 



p. 80 ; Desmoid. Etudes (1837) p. 272 ; Ag. in Val. Anat. Echin. 



(1841) p. vi ; Forbes, Brit. Star/. (1841 ) p. 161 ; Gray, Brit. Bad. 



(1348) p. 3; Maitland, Faun. Belg. (1851) p. 94 ; Thompson, Nat. 



Hist. Del. iv. (1856) p. 441 ; Sars, Norg. Ech. (1861) p. 94 ; A. Ag. 



Bev. Ech. (1872-74) pp. 125 & 495 ; Mob. § Biitschli, JB. Comm. 



Kiel, ii. & hi. (1875) p. 149. 

 Echinus (Psammechinus) miliaris, Ag. <§• Desor, An. Sci. Nat. vi. 



(1846) p. 368. 

 Psamrnechinus miliaris, Desor, Syn.Ech. foss. (1855) p. 119, pi. xviii. 



tig. 5 ; Duj. fy Hup. Ech. (1862) p. 526 ; Pen: Ann. Sci. Nat. xiii. 



(1870) p. 41 ; Fischer, Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xxviii. (1869) 



p. 370 ; Barr. Cat. Crust. (1882) p. 44. 

 Echinus saxatilis, O. F. Midi. Zool. Dun. Prod. (1776) p. 235 (non 



Linn., nee Fabr.). 

 Cidaris saxatilis, Leshe, Addit. (1778) p. 18. 

 Echinus pustulatus, Ag. in Val. Anat. Ech. (1841) p. vi. 

 Psammechinus pustulatus, Dvj. 8f Hup. Echin. (1862) p. 527. 

 Echinus virens, Dub. $ Kor. Vet.-Akad. Hdlg. 1844 (1846), p. 274, 



pi. x. tigs. 43-45. 

 Echinus (Psammechinus) koreni, Ag. fy Desor, Ann. Sci. Nat. vi. 



(1846) p. 368. 



Primary spines rather short, longest at the ambitus, pretty 

 numerous, slightly tapering, finely ribbed, and often purple at the tip. 

 A considerable number of secondary spines, similar to but smaller 

 than the primary. 



Test stout, with a quantity of tubercles, markedly pentangular, 

 but more so in adults than young, more or less depressed above, 

 never at all high ; peristome rather large, pentagonal in adult, its 

 membrane armed with a number of small scales. Calycinal area 

 moderate, all the radials excluded from the rather large periproct ; 

 the pores in both radials and interradials well marked ; madreporite 

 sometimes a good deal swollen. 



In the interambulacra there are about twenty plates, each of 

 which, both below and above the ambitus, carries a distinct primary 



; 5 . . 



* The references by A. Agaseiz (Kev. Ech. p. 125) to "Mull. 1771, Kuorr, 

 Del.," and by Hoyle (Proa E. Phys. Soc. Ed. x. p. 417), " P. L. S. Miiller in 

 Knorr, Delia Nat. Select, pi. D " [for which read D. ii. 5, p. 108], appear to be to 

 a nomen nudum. 



