152 ECHINOIDEA. 



g',h'. St. Leonards (August). E. I. Pocock, Esq. 



i',j'. Lobster Patch, Poole, 5§ fms., July F. J. B. Beckford, Esq. 



1889. 



k\ I 1 , S. England. B. B. Woodward, Esq, 

 m'-s'. Firth of Forth. 



t'. Zetland. E. M c Andrew, Esq. 



5. Echinus esculentns. 



Ecliinus esculentns, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. (1758) p. 663; id. Faun. 

 Stiec. ed. ii. (1761 ) p. 513, no. 2116 ; id. M. L. U. (1764) p. 705 ; id. 

 Syst. Nat. xii. (1766) p. 1102 ; Perm. Brit. Zool. (1777) iv. p. 57, 

 pi. 34; id. op. eit. (1812) iv. p. 137, pi. xxxvi. ; Flem. Brit. An. 

 (1828) p. 478 ; Desm. Si/n. Ech. (1837) p. 278; Dub.fyKor. Vet.- 

 Akad. &dlff. 1844 (184*6), p. 264; Ag. $ Desor, Ann. Sci. Nat. 

 vi. (1846) p. 365; Gray, Brit. Bad. (1848) p. 3 : tilth. Vid.Medd. 

 1856, p. 72 ; id. op. cit. 1871, p. 306 ; Sars, Norg. Ech. (1861) 

 p. 93 ; Jarzynsky, Trans. Petersb. Soc. Nat. i. (1870) p. 319 ; Al. 

 Aq. Bev. Ech. (1872) pp. 122, 491, pi. vii.a. fig-. 7; Wyv. Thorns. 

 Phil. Trans, clxiv. (1874) p. 741; Mob. § Putsch. JB. Comm. Kiel, 

 ii. & iii. (1875) p. 149 ; Bell, J. L. S. xvii. (1883) p. 103 ; Herd- 

 man, Liverp. M. B. C. i. (1886) p. 136 ; Scott, Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist. 

 i. (1892) p. 49. 



Sphaarechinus esculentus, Duj. $ Hup. Echin. (1862) p. 529 ; Pen: 

 Ann. Sci. Nat. xii. (1870) p. 151. 



Echinus sphajra, O. F. Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. p. 235, no. 2845; 

 Nilsson, Coll. Zool. Scan. (1817) p. 4; Forbes, Brit. Star/. (1841) 

 p. 149; Ag. in Vol. Anat. Echin. (1841) p. ii ; Maitland. Fawn. 

 Belg. (1851) p. 93; Gosse, Tenby, (1856) p. 240, pis. xii. & xiii. ; 

 Thompson, Nat. Hist. Irel. (1856) iv. p. 441 ; Stewart, Tr. L. S. 

 xxv. (1866) pi. 1. fig. 2a; Romanes 8f Ewart, Phil. Trans, clxxii. 

 (1881) p. 831 (general physiology) ; Geddes $ Beddard, Tr. R. 

 Soc. Ed. xxx. (1883) p. 383, pis. xix.-xxi. (pedicellarise). 



Echinus globiformis, Lamk. An. s. Vert. iii. (1816) p. 44 ; de Bl. Diet. 

 Sci. Nat. xxxvii. (1825) p. 79; Desm. Etud. (1837) p. 270. 



Echinus subangidosus, de Bl. t. c. p. 78 ; Desm. t. c. p. 270. 



Echinus pseudomelo, de Bl. t. c. p. 77 ; Desm. t. c. p. 270. 



Echinus aurantiacus, de Bl. t. c. p. 79 ; Desm. t. c. p. 272. 



Echinus quinqueangulatus, de Bl. t. c. p. 79; Desm. t. c. p. 270. 



Echinus violaceus, de Bl. t. c. p. 80 ; Desm. t. c. p. 272. 



Primary spines numerous, short, not sharply pointed; whitish or 

 pinkish in colour, often violet at the tip or for their whole extent ■ 

 longest at the ambitus. So closely packed are they that the 

 secondary spines are with difficulty detected ; these are fine and 

 short. Pcdicellariaj very numerous, of various sizes, but not so large 

 as in E. acutus. Spines not much shorter proportionately in old 

 than young specimens, sometimes not at all so. 



Test of adult well rounded, ofteD not flattened in any way, except 

 of course on the oral surface, and there not abruptly, but some- 

 times quite pentagonal, occasionally subconical, sometimes rather 

 depressed ; mouth of moderate size, apical area not large, madre- 

 porite rather prominent. Large numbers of primary tubercles, 

 which are larger at and below than above the ambitus. Apical area 

 irregularly pentagonal ; periproct not large, all the radials generally, 



