SPATANGUS. 



16' 



a, b. 60° 32' N., 0° 29' W. ; 60° 28' N., ' Porcupine ' Exp. 



0° 33' E. 

 c-f. 59° 41' N., 7° 34' W., 458 fins. ' Porcupine ' Exp. 



g. Loch Lorn, 50-70 fms. John Murray, Esq. 



h-q. Near Trench and Kilbrennan Sounds, John Murray, Esq. 



10-14 fms. 

 r-z. Sanda Sound, 22 fms. John Murray, Eaq. 



a'. 40 miles off Achill Head, 220 fms. R. Dublin Soc. 



b'. Off S.W. coast of Ireland, 200 fms. G-. C. Bourne, Esq. 



c', d'. Off S.W. coast of Ireland, 50-00 fms. ' Flying Fox ' Exp. 



e. Irish Sea. Prof. E. Forbes. 



f',g. Off Liverpool. 



h'. Fishery-ground west of Lundy. 

 %'. Scilly. 

 /', k'. Jersey. 



'l'-ri. Channel Islands. T. H. Powell, Esq. 



o'-q. Plymouth. 



South coast of England. B. B. Woodward, Esq. 



Berwick Bay. Dr. G. Johnston. 



Montrose (July 11 & 16, 1889). W. Duncan, Esq. 



Cromarty and Moray Friths. Dr. A. Sutherland. 



British seas. 



2. Spatangus raschi. (Plate XVI. fig. 11.) 



Spatano-us raschi, Loven, (Efvers. Vet.-Akad. Stockholm, 1869, p. 733, 

 pi. xiii. ; Al. Ag. Rev. Ech. ( 1872-3) pp. 159 & 567 ; Wyv. Thorns. 

 Phil. Trans, clxiv. (1874) p. 750 ; Al. Ag. Chall Ech. (1881) p. 171 ; 

 Bell, Ann. $ Mag. iv. (1889) p. 442. 



Test rather narrowly heart-shaped, high, with rather well-marked 

 edge ; the lower lip sharply angulated at its free edge. The spines 

 purplish, none particularly prominent in length or strength ; the 

 whole test above regularly covered with spines, the smaller of which 

 are evenly disposed among the larger ; all seem to be covered, and 

 all are directed backwards. On the lower surface the spines are 

 scarcer, finer, and whiter. No subanal tufts. It must, however, 

 be noted that in some specimens the spines may be as long and as 

 prominent as in examples of S. purpureus of the same size ; in 

 others they are more ordinarily both smaller and less conspicuous. 



The shape of the test is very variable, the height being to the 

 length from 60 to 100 to 75 to 100, and there is some variation in 

 the rounding of the contour; but, as a rule, the test rises more 

 abruptly and higher than in S. purpureus, and the contour is more 

 circular. 



The ambulacral petals are narrower than in S. purpureus, and 

 there is not, in adults, so marked a difference between the pores of a 

 pair. The madreporite is rather less prominent. Mouth wide and 

 large, the oral region more, sometimes much more, depressed and the 

 lower lip more pointed and convexly curved than in S. purpureus. 

 Subanal fasciole quite obscure, not constricted in the middle. The 

 anus looks more downwards than backwards. The longer primary 

 tubercles are less restricted in distribution than in S. purpureus, 

 but they are not so large or so prominent, though more numerous. 



