162 



FAMILIAR WILD BIRDS. 



covered at base by recumbent bristles ; nostrils at anterior margin of 

 cere ; tarsi covered with dense plumes. 



Jtio ottu (Strix otus, Otus vulgaris), Long-eared Owl, II. 81 ' 

 o flammeui (Strlx nammea), Barn Owl, II. 25 - 



Strim aktoo (S. stridula), Tawny Owl, III. 21 — 



X PASSERES. 



Legs slender, short, with three toes before and one behind, the two 

 external toes united by a very short membrane. 



LANHDAi {SHRIKES). 



Bill short or moderate, strong, compressed, notched at tip, or 

 furnished with a tooth at each side; primaries mostly ten (the first 

 shuit '. in a few nine; wing-coverts short; tarsi moderate or short, 

 covered anteriorly with transverse scutes, continuous scute at side. 



Lanius collurio, Red-backed Shrike, III. 89 — 



MUSCICAPIDM (FLY-CATCHERS). 



Bill broad at base, with tip curved, emarginate ; rigid bristles at 

 base of bill ; primaries ten, first short ; wing-coverts short ; tarsi 

 covered anteriorly with transverse scutes, posterioi'ly and on both 

 sides with a continuous scute. 



Muscicapa atricapilTa, Pied Fly-catcher, IV. 49 *- 



Muscicapa grisola, Spotted Fly-catcher, II. 9 



CINCLIDM (DIPPERS). 



Bill slender, nostrils linear, in lower edge of basal membrane, nc 

 Ijrist lee or bristly points about the mouth ; body very short and broad ; 

 wings short, rounded, and concave, with ten primaries; feet as in the 

 Tordids. 



Cinclus aquaticus, DIpper, Water Ouzel, 73, III. 137 - 



TURDIDA'J (THRUSHES). 



Bill emarginate at tip, compressed, in most moderate, in a few 



longer than head; primaries ten, first very short ; wing-coverts short ; 



tail long and broad ; tarsus longer than middle toe, covered on anterior 



ie above with a continuous horny coat, below with transverse 



i outer <<><• longer than inner, united to middle too at base, hind 



toe long and strong. 



