f 



164 FAMILIAR WILD BIRDS. 



CERTHIIDjE (CREEPERS). 



Bill slender, much compressed, and curved ; primaries ten, first less 

 than half the second ; tail long, wedge-shaped, feathers stiffened and 

 acute ; outer lateral toe much the longest, hind toe exceeding both 

 middle toe and tarsus, which is scutellate in front and very short ; 

 outer basal joint of middle toe united to those on each side. 



Certhia familiaris, Creeper, I. 9 — ■ 



PARIDJE (TITS). 



Bill shorter than head, not notched or recurved at tip ; nostrils 

 rounded, basal, concealed by dense bristles or bristly feathers ; tarsus 

 distinctly scutellate in front, longer than middle toe and claw, which 

 are about equal to the hinder, soles of toes widened into a palm ; 

 primaries ten, wings rounded, equal to or shorter than the rounded 

 tail ; body compressed, with soft, lax plumage. 



Acredula caudata (Parus caudatus), LONG-TAILED TlT, I. 113 *— 



Parus ater, Cole Tit, I. 149 "" 



Pants cccruhus, Blue TJT, IV. 85 - 



Varus major, Great r *h\ III. 13 



J'arus palustris (P. atricapiilus), Marsh Tit, I. 133 •— 



SITTID.E (NUTHATCHES). 



Closely allied to Paridse, of which this family has the general 

 characters, differing from it in the body being depressed, with compact 

 plumage ; bill equal to or longer than the head ; wings much pointed, 

 much longer than the nearly even tail ; tarsus shorter than middle toe 

 and claw, which are about equal to the hinder ; toes without palms. 



Sitta ccesia (S. europsea), Nuthatch, III. 29 -~ 



MOTACILLIDM (WAGTAILS). 



Bill short, rarely moderate, mostly slender, straight or somewhat 

 curved, compressed toward tip, emarginate ; primaries nine ; wing- 

 coverts short j tarsus slender, mostly long, covered anteriorly with 

 distinct transverse scutes, coalescent in some, or with continuous 

 horny scutes ; outer toes conjoined at base alone. 



Aitthus obscurun (K. aquaticus, Alauda obscura), ROCK PipiT, I. 95 

 Antkvspratengis (Alauda pratensis), Meadow Pipit, Titlark, IV. 89 

 Anthu* tririulu (A. arboreus, Alauda trivialis), Tree Pipit, IV. 57 

 Motacitta hujubris (M. yarrellii, M. alba), Pied Wagtail, III. 149 

 Motacilla nUphurea (M. boarula), Grey Wagtail, I. 1 - 



