CLASSIFIED INDEX. 165 



ALAUDID/E (LARKS), 



Head crested ; bill cylindrical, mostly short, with tip entire ; 

 nostrils oblong, at base of bill, concealed by feathers and bristles 

 directed forward ; wings very long, primaries ten, first primary spurious 

 or apparently wanting ; wing-coverts short; tarsus longer than middle 

 toe, covered before and behind with transverse scutes ; outer toes 

 conjoined at base only, hind claw considerably lengthened, straight 

 or slightly curved. 



Alan da arborea, Woodlark, I. 5 ~ 



Alauda arvensis (A. vulgaris), Skylark, IV. 61 



Otocorys alpestris (Alauda alpestris, A. cornuta), Shore Lark, 1. 125 



EMBERIZIDM (BUNTINGS). 



Bill rather flattened above, straight, edges waved, commissure 

 angulated, a hard knob on palate of upper mandible, lower mandible 

 laterally compressed so as to form a sort of anvil for this knob ; 

 nostrils partly hidden by short feathers ; wings pendent and pointed, 

 with nine primaries ; tarsus moderate, scaled, hind toe longer than 

 inner. 



Emberiza cirlus, Cirl Bunting, II. 105 ~~ 

 Smberiza ciirinella, Yellow-hammer, III. 109 -" 

 Emberiza miliaria, COMMON BUNTING, III. 117 •* 

 Euspiza melanocephala (Emberiza schoeniclus), Black-headed Bun- 

 ting, I. 17 — 



FBINGILLID.E (FILCHES). 



Bill very short, abruptly conical, and robust, commissure strongly 

 angulated at base of bill ; wings long and pointed, with nine primaries ; 

 tarsus short, and scutellated in front, the sides with two undivided 

 plates meeting behind along the median line as a sharp posterior ridge. 



Carduelis elegans (Fringilla carduelis), GOLDFINCH, III. 41 — 

 Carduelis spinas (Fringilla spinus), Siskin, I. 49 _ — - 

 Coccuthraustes chloris (Fringilla chloris), GREENFINCH, I. 73 — 

 Coccothraustes vulgaris (Loxia coccothraustes), HAWFINCH, II. 89 — 

 Fringilla calebs, CHAFFINCH, IV. 13 *~ 

 Fringilla montif ring ilia, BRAMBLING, II. 33 

 Linota cannabina (Fringilla linota), Linnet, IV. 53 

 Linota rufescens (Fringilla linaria, Linaria minor), Redpoll, III. 85 

 Loxia curvirostra, CROSSBILL, III. 37 •- 



Passer domesticus (Fringilla domestica), HOUSE SPARROW, II. 149 

 Passer montanus, Tree Sparrow, II. 17 ' 

 . Pyrrhula europcea (Loxia pyrrhula, Pyrrhula vulgaris), Bull- 

 finch, III. 73. r- 



