MARKETING MILK 57 



Cream. The increasing use of ice cream makes 

 a market for large quantities of sweet hand-sepa- 

 rator cream. Ice-cream makers usually pay good 

 prices. In addition to the cash returns, the skim 

 milk is left at home to feed sweet and warm. 



Pasteurization. The pasteurization of milk for 

 retail delivery is advocated as a means of protect- 

 ing the consuming public against evils associated 

 with improper care of the milk, particularly when 

 the milk is not distributed by the producer. The 

 chief of these evils are the products of bacterial 

 growth, especially of those bacteria associated with 

 the intestinal tract. The death rate of babies has 

 been very materially lowered by improving the 

 quality of the milk in respect to this evil. It is 

 argued that since it is impossible to guard all milk 

 against infection, the next best thing is to pas- 

 teurize it and kill those bacteria which produce 

 products that may be injurious to the delicate stom- 

 ach of the infant or invalid. At best, it appears that 

 pasteurization is a makeshift to lessen the evil of 

 carelessness and improper care of the milk, lack of 

 cleanliness, insufficient cooling, and exposure to 

 contamination with infectious diseases. 



Another evil which it is sought to guard against 

 by pasteurization is the danger of communicating 

 tuberculosis to man by the use of milk from in- 

 fected animals. It would appear to the writer that 

 the wisest plan is to learn by testing the animals 

 whether or not they have tuberculosis. If they 

 have, the milk should be pasteurized and such steps 

 taken as circumstances permit to eradicate the dis- 



