88 FIRST LESSONS IN DAIRYING 



devices increase the efficiency and capacity of the 

 separator. Soon after this the hand power sep- 

 arator was put on the market. Its most rapid intro- 

 duction was in the Middle West in the nineties. 



The successful introduction of the hand-power 

 centrifugal separator about 1894, and rapidly since 

 1898, with the possibility of separating milk on the 

 farm, has brought back in many sections the gath- 

 ered cream system of factory butter making. 



Along with the establishment of the cooperative 

 creameries, in which practically all who supplied 

 milk were part owners, and where the income from 

 the sale of butter was divided proportionately after 

 deducting the operating expenses, has developed in 

 the Middle West the centralizing creamery with its 

 hundreds of skimming stations scattered in sparsely 

 settled sections and often bringing the cream from 

 farms in two or three States, three or four hundred 

 miles daily, to the central plant for manufacture. 

 At first the great centralizing plants, in their 

 eagerness for business, accepted cream of very 

 inferior quality and tried with the aid of science 

 to make first-class butter from it. This idea has 

 had to give way to the truth that a perfect article 

 cannot be made from an imperfect one, and a cam- 

 paign of education is taking the place of the chemist 

 and his chemicals. The odium which has rested on 

 hand-separated creamery butter will be removed 

 when hand-separator creamery patrons wash their 

 separators every time they are used, cool their cream 

 and deliver it to the creamery sweet and clean. 



These historical notes would not be complete 



