FEEDING YOUNG ANIMALS 137 



be given in addition to skim milk, as described for 

 dairy calves. They should be fed so as to obtain 

 quick development. Larger quantities of concen- 

 trated grains are admissible in proportion to the 

 roughage materials than where whole milk is fed; 

 yet the aim is not to fatten this young stock, but to 

 grow beef. This means gradually to widen the 

 ration, basing it on good grass, skim milk, oil meal, 

 and corn, and later, on silage, if available, and a rea- 

 sonable amount of hay, the legume kind preferred. 



Where beef is raised exclusively, particularly on 

 the western ranges and in beef herds produced from 

 beef breeding stock, calves are allowed to suckle 

 their mothers until naturally weaned. If allowed 

 the run of the pasture with the mother, little, if any, 

 food is given in addition to what is obtained by 

 suckling the dam and by grazing. These beef dams 

 are not heavy milkers as a rule ; consequently, the 

 food supply from the milk is much smaller than if 

 the same practice were followed in the dairy herd. 

 As weaning time approaches either an abundance of 

 succulent grass should be available, or else substi- 

 tutes should be provided in the way of concentrates 

 and hay. During their first winter beef calves raised 

 in this manner, either while on or off the cows, 

 should be given grain, silage if available, and good 

 bright hay. The quantity of each will vary with 

 individuals. The aim should be to provide the pro- 

 tein liberally. If good hay and silage are available 

 the proper balance of food material will follow. 



The Feeding of Lambs. At birth the main thing 

 is to see that the lamb gets its mother's milk. The 



