INDEX. 207 



the meaner tribes are still more capable of sustaining life 

 without food, ii. 1. Those furnished with hands have more 

 understanding than others, 52. In general the large ani- 

 mals live longer than the little, 64. Difference between 

 animals in a state of nature and domestic lameness, so con- 

 siderable that M. Buffon makes it a principal distinction of 

 classes, 152. Their teeth fitted to the nature of their food ; 

 and their legs as well fitted to their respective wants or en- 

 joyments ; those who chew the cud have four stomachs ; 

 several that with us have four stomachs, have but two in 

 Africa ; no carnivorous animal, except the dog, malfes a vo- 

 luntary attack but with superiority; the stomach generally 

 proportioned to the nature of the food, or the ease with 

 which it is obtained ; the size of the intestines proportioned 

 to the nature of the food ; few of the wild sort seek their 

 prey in the day-time ; in proportion as each carnivorous 

 animal wants strength, it uses all the assistance of patience, 

 assiduity, and cunning; some animals carefully avoid their 

 enemies, by placing sentinels to warn of the approach of dan- 

 ger, and know how to punish such as have neglected their 

 post, or been unmindful of the common safety ; the wild 

 sort subject to few alterations, and in the savage state con- 

 tinue for ages the same, in size, shape, and colour ; is other- 

 wise when subdued and taken under the protection of man ; 

 the tame kind bears no resemblance to its ancestors in the 

 woods ; animals feeding only upon grass rendered carnivo- 

 rous ; two instances, 155. Africa ever remarkable for the 

 fierceness of its animals ; the smallest multiply the fastest ; 

 the largest sort bring few at a time ; seldom generate till 

 they be near their full growth ; those which bring many, 

 reproduce before they arrive at half their natural size ; with 

 all animals, the time of their pregnancy is proportioned to 

 their size ; best method of classing animals adopted by Ray, 

 Klein, Brisson, and Linnaeus, 138. The author's method 

 of classing them, 143. The carnivorous seek their food in 

 gloomy solitude ; they are sharper than the ruminating kind, 

 and why ; ruminating animals most harmless, and most easi- 

 ly tamed ; generally go in herds, for their mutual security ; 

 live entirely upon vegetables; the meanest of them unite in 

 each other's defence ; carnivorous animals have small sto- 

 machs and short intestines; ruminating animals naturally 

 more indolent and less artful than the carnivorous kinds, and 

 why ; their bowels considered as an elaboratory, with pro- 

 per vessels in it ; nature enlarges the capacity of their in- 

 testines to take in a greater supply, and furnishes them 

 with four stomachs; the names of these four stomachs ; the 

 intestines of carnivorous animals are thin and lean; but 

 those of the ruminating sort strong, fleshy, and well cover- 

 ed with fat; of all others, man spends the least time in eat- 



