348 INDEX. 



Puteoli, a city swallowed up by an earthquake, had a temple 

 of Serapis, the pillars of which, while under water, were 

 penetrated by the pholas, or file-fish, v. 252. 



Putrefaction, a supposed cause of animal life ; late discoveries 

 have induced many to doubt whether animal life cannot be 

 produced merely from thence, i. 364. 



Pyramids of Egypt, one of them entirely built of a kind of 

 freestone, in which petrified shells are found in great abun- 

 dance, i. 45. 



Pyrites, their composition ; sulphur and iron blended and 

 heated with air or water, will form these, and marcasites, 



Q 



Quadrupeds, of all ranks of animated nature, bear the nearest 

 resemblance to man, are less changed by influence of cli- 

 mate or food than the lower ranks of nature ; some are of 

 so equivocal a nature, it is hard to tell whether they ought 

 to be ranked in this class, or degraded to those below them ; 

 instances of it, ii. 150. The weaker races exert all efforts 

 to avoid their invaders, 162. Next to human influence, the 

 climate seems to have the strongest effects upon their nature 

 and form, 166. Both. at the line and the pole, the wild are 

 fierce and untameable, 167. One class of these entirely 

 left to chance, no parent stands forth to protect them, and 

 no instructor leads, or teaches them the arts of subsistence, 

 these bring forth above two hundred young at a time, 175. 

 America inferior to us in these productions ; opinion, that 

 all in South America are a different species from those 

 most resembling them in the old world ; such as peculiarly 

 belong to the new continent, are without any marks of the 

 perfections of their species, 169. The large and formidable 

 produce but one young at a time, while the mean and con- 

 temptible are prolific ; wisely ordered so by Providence, 

 172. Those that are amphibious have motion in the lower 

 eyelid alone, i. 415. Those that ruminate are harmless, 

 and easily tamed ; they are chiefly the cow, the sheep, and 

 the deer kind, ii. 222. 



Quagga, an animal resembling the zebra, but distinct from it, 

 ii. 214. 



Quail, a bird of passage ; description of it ; time of its migra- 

 tions ; opinion, that it only goes from one part of a country 

 to another ; their long journeys doubtful ; how caught by a 

 call ; number of their eggs ; fight desperately at the season 

 of courtship, and easily taken at that time, iv. 170. 



Quail-fighting, a favourite amusement among the Athenians ; 

 abstained from the flesh of this bird, supposing it fed upon 



