380 INDEX. 



perfect ; accounts of this ; toads suck cancerous breasts 

 and perform a cure ; progress of this operation ; the rubeth, 

 the land-toad, alone has the property of sucking ; doubtful 

 whether they die by internal or external application of the 

 cancerous matter ; varieties of the animal ; description of 

 the Surinam toad, called pipal, v. 269. 



Toes, usually four in all animals of the poultry kind, in a spe- 

 cies of cock amount to five, iv. 129. 



Tongue of the rein- deer, a great delicacy, ii. 361. The 

 flamingo's much celebrated and larger than that of any 

 other bird, iv. 334. Of the great Greenland whale fills 

 several hogsheads with blubber, v. 35. 



Tornado, a formidable tempest so called by the Spaniards ; 

 its description and dreadful effects, i. 307. 



Torpedo, its description ; by an unaccountable power, the in- 

 stant touched, even with a stick, when immediately taken 

 out of the sea, it numbs the hand and arm, or whole body ; 

 the shock resembles an electrical stroke, sudden, tingling, 

 and painful ; account by Kempfer of numbness produced by 

 it ; he believes holding in the breath prevents the violence ; 

 implicit belief of efficacy would be painfully undeceived ; 

 this power not exerted upon every occasion ; trials by 

 Ileaumur to this purpose ; opinions concerning the cause 

 of this strange effect ; the fish dead the power destroyed, 

 then handled or eaten with security ; the power not ex- 

 tended to the degree some believe, reaching the fisherman 

 at the end of the line, or numbing fishes in the same pond ; 

 ridiculous excess of this numbing quality in the history of 

 Abyssinia, by Godignus ; Lorenzini, from experiments, is 

 convinced the power resides in two thin muscles of the 

 back ; several fishes have acquired the name of Torpedo, 

 possessed of the same quality ; Moore's and Condamine's 

 accounts of them, v. 86. 



Tortoise ranked among crustaceous fishes, though superior 

 to them all: amphibious, according to Seba: distinguished 

 into two classes, the land tortoise and the sea turtle : differ 

 more in hab'its than conformation : description : principal 

 distinctions : varieties are, trunk turtle, loggerhead, havoJcs- 

 lill, and green turtle : the shell never changes, and growing 

 with the body, is formed in pieces : all generally found in 

 warm countries without retiring : a defence against danger- 

 ous attacks : the blood warm and red : how circulated : 

 turtle larger than tortoise : weighs from fifty to five hundred 

 pounds : ancients speak of some of amazing sizes : lives to 

 eighty and a hundred and twenty years : can live without 

 limbs, head, or brain, proved by experiments of Redi : 

 moves with great weight upon it : hears distinctly, by 

 means of an auditory conduit opening into the mouth : 

 sighs when ill situated, and sheds tears when distressed : 



