BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 



1881 created lifelong member of Senate. 1886- 

 1887, Minister Public Affairs. 1895-1896, Min- 

 ister Foreign Affairs. 



Berthollet, Count Claude Louis, iv, 41. Born 

 at Savoy, 1748; died at Paris, 1822. French 

 theoretical chemist. After graduation from Tu- 

 rin University went to Paris as physician to 

 Duke of Orleans. Applied himself to chemistry, 

 working out the theories of Lavoisier and Priest- 

 ly. Was the first to discover the composition of 

 ammonia. In 1794 was made professor at the 

 ficole Normale. His visit to Egypt with Na- 

 poleon's expedition led to the foundation of the 

 Institute of Cairo. With Lavoisier, he devised 

 the system of chemical nomenclature still in the 

 main employed. 



Berzelius, Johan Jakob, iv, 41. Born at Wes- 

 terlosa, Sweden, 1779; died at Stockholm, 1848. 

 Swedish chemist. After graduation at Upsala, 

 devoted himself to chemistry. 1807 became Pro- 

 fessor of Medicine and Pharmacy at Stockholm. 

 Accomplished a prodigious amount of work in 

 chemistry. His discoveries and views gave a 

 firm foundation to inorganic chemistry. He 

 established the laws of combination. Famous 

 for his analyses and discoveries (including sev- 

 eral elements) with the blow-pipe. Interest in 

 his theory, that chemical combination was the 

 result of electrical attraction, although aban- 

 doned for many years, has recently been revived 

 owing to the researches of his famous fellow- 

 countryman, Arrhenius, although considerable 

 modification of it is necessary. 



Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm, iii, 42. Born at 

 Minden, 1784; died at Konigsberg, 1846. Ger- 



