KEY AND INDEX 



London, 1827; died October, 1902. English 

 scientist. Professor of Chemistry at the Royal 

 Institution, 1874-77. Published "Life of Michael 

 Faraday," and "Chemistry of Secondary Bat- 

 teries." 



Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, iv, 140. Born 

 at Frankfort-on-the-Main, Aug. 28, 1749; died 

 at Weimar, March 22, 1832. German poet, dra- 

 matist, and scientist. In 1790 published the 

 "Metamorphoses of Plants," in which he ad- 

 vanced the novel doctrine that all parts of the 

 flower are modified or metamorphosed leaves. A 

 little later he advanced the doctrine that the ver- 

 tebrate skull is essentially a modified and de- 

 veloped vertebra. This doctrine of metamorpho- 

 sis of parts soon came to be regarded as of 

 fundamental importance. 



Goodyear, Charles, ix, 113. Born at New 

 Haven, Conn., Dec. 29, 1800; died at New York, 

 July i, 1860. American manufacturer. He dis- 

 covered the process of treating india-rubber 

 known as "vulcanization," a process upon which 

 the usefulness of rubber is largely dependent. 

 He also invented a machine for the sewing of 

 soles, known as a "turn-sole machine," which 

 was of great commercial importance. 



Gordon, Andrew, ii, 279. Born at Coforach, 

 Forfarshire, June 15, 1712; died Aug. 22, 1751. 

 A Scotch Benedictine monk and physicist, noted 

 for his experiments in frictional electricity. He 

 was first to invent an electric bell which would 

 ring automatically, and a "motor," in the form 

 of a wheel which was revolved by the action of 

 electricity. He demonstrated the force of the 

 electric current by killing birds and small ani- 



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