BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 



Paris, Aug. 21, 1814. An American scientist. 

 As aide-de-camp and chamberlain at the court 

 of the Elector of Bavaria, he reorganized the 

 Bavarian Army. His greatest discovery, that 

 heat is a form of motion, was discovered while 

 boring cannon for the defense of Munich. 



Rush, Dr. Benjamin, iv, 245. Born near Phila- 

 delphia, Dec. 24, 1745; died at Philadelphia, 

 April 19, 1813. American physician. Remem- 

 bered in particular for his attitude toward pa- 

 tients suffering from mental disorders. 



Rutherford, Prof. Ernest, v, 105. Born at 

 Nelson, New Zealand, 1871. In 1898, was ap- 

 pointed Professor of Physics in McGill Univer- 

 sity, Montreal. He has written extensively on 

 the conduction of electricity through gases, and 

 on radio-activity. In 1904 he published "Radio- 

 activity." 



Saint-Hilaire, Etienne Geoffrey, iv, 160. Born 

 at fitampes, April 15, 1772; died at Paris, June 

 19, 1844. Noted French zoologist. He cham- 

 pioned the theory of the transmutation of spe- 

 cies against Cuvier, but the truth of his argu- 

 ments was not fully appreciated until after his 

 death. 



Santos-Dumont, Alberto, vii, 266. Born at San 

 Paulo, Brazil, July 20, 1873. Brazilian aeronaut. 

 Experimented with balloons in 1898, and 

 in that year constructed his first dirigible bal- 

 loon. After building several balloons and hav- 

 ing several narrow escapes, he finally, on Octo- 

 ber 19, 1901, won the Henri Deutsche prize of 

 100,000 francs by flying from the Aero Club at 

 Saint Cloud around the Eiffel Tower and back 



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