GENERAL INDEX 



Periscope, its use on sub- 

 marines, 7, in. 



Perkin, produced the first ani- 

 line color, 8, 312. 



Perraudin, first accounted for 

 the presence of bowlders 

 on the mountain-tops, 3, 145; 

 his idea laughed at by all 

 except Charpentier, 3, 146. 



Perrin, J., his theories of radio- 

 activity, 6, i 06. 



importance of his work as an 



Egyptologist, 1, 28. 

 Pett, Phineas, ships produced 



by, 7, 60. 

 Philippe, Louis, King of France, 



received first message through 



cable under the English 



Channel in 1845, 8, 32. 

 Philopater, Ptolemy, descrip- 

 tion of ship said to be used 



by, 7, 57. 

 Philosopher- Scientists and New 



Institutions of Learning, 



Chapter IX, 2, 191. 

 Philosophers in Italy, The 



Early Greek, Chapter VI, 1, 



112. 



Philosopher's stone, 2, 124, 131. 



Phlogiston Theory in Chemistry, 

 The, Chapter I, 4, 3. 



Phlogiston theory, the, in 

 chemistry, 4, 3-10; influence 

 of Boyle's teaching of, 4, 5; 

 Stahl's theory of, 4, 6; pecul- 

 iarities of, 4, 7; many com- 

 plications and final overthrow 

 of, 4, 9. 



Phonautograph, invented by 

 Mr. Leo Scott, 8, 93. 



Phonograph, the, invented by 

 Thomas A. Edison, 8, 93; 

 description of, 8, 97. 



Photography, the importance of 

 the discovery of, in spectro- 

 scopy, 4, 70; discovered by 

 Daguerre, 8, 202; the part 

 played by it in the discovery 

 of radio-activity by Bec- 

 querel, 8, 220; Daguerre 

 discovered a practical method 



[205] 



of developing photographic 

 plates, 8, 220; Scheele's ex- 

 periments, 8, 220; Rumford's 

 arguments, 8, 221; first prac- 

 tical application by Thomas 

 Wedgewood, 8, 221; Sir 

 Humphry Davy's experi- 

 ments with the camera ob- 

 scura, 8, 221; Nic6phore de 

 Niepce discovered a method 

 of making permanent photo- 

 graphs, 8, 222; the daguer- 

 reotype, 8, 224; the first por- 

 traits ever taken, 8, 226; 

 Talbot's "calotype" process, 

 8, 227; discovery of the 

 ' ' gallo-nitrate ' ' process by 

 J. B. Reade, 8, 228; Goddard 

 made the discovery that bro- 

 mine vapor rendered plates 

 more sensitive, 8, 228; pro- 

 cess of toning or gilding in- 

 vented by Fizeau, 8, 228; 

 glass negatives, invented by 

 Niepce St. Victor, and im- 

 proved by Blanquart and 

 Le Gray, 8, 229; the Archer 

 collodion plate, 8, 230; "col- 

 lodion-emulsion" process in- 

 vented by Bolton and Sayce, 

 8, 231; discovery of Cary 

 Lea and W. Cooper, 8, 232; 

 Wortley's discovery, 8, 232; 

 Researches with chloride and 

 bromide of silver, by M. J. S. 

 Stas, 8, 232; the discovery 

 of Mockhoven, 8, 233; the 

 flexible film, 8, 233 ; photo- 

 graphing in natural colors, 8, 

 234; Becquerel the first to 

 take up specifically the matter 

 of color-photography, 8, 235; 

 standing light waves, 8, 236; 

 Zenker's theory, 8, 236; Lip- 

 mann's direct method of color- 

 photography, 8, 237; Clerk- 

 Maxwell's experiments, 8, 

 237; invention of the slide- 

 carrier by F. E. Ives, 8, 238; 

 single-lens camera invented 

 by Sanger-Shepard, 8, 238; 

 three-lens camera devised by 

 CheVon, 8, 240; method of 

 Ducos du Hauron, 8, 241; 



