KEY AND INDEX 



ment with the "Magdeburg 

 spheres," 2, 212; 6, 66; 

 electrical discoveries, 2, 213. 



Von Kleist, Dean, discovers 

 principle of the Ley den jar, 2, 

 280. 



Von Mohl, Dr. Hugo, studies of 

 the vegetable cell, 4, 123 ; dis- 

 covery of the formation of 

 cells, 4, 126; correctness of 

 cell theory demonstrated by 

 Virchow, 4, 127. 



Vortex atom, speculations based 

 upon the hypothesis of , 6, 2 16. 



Vortex theory, Lord Kelvin's 

 estimate of, 5, 217. 



Vulcan, the pioneer of all iron 

 boats, built by Thomas Wil- 

 son, 7, 75- 



WALES, observed fluctuation of 

 the compass due to the mag- 

 netic influence of the ship on 

 which it is placed, 7, n. 



Walking-beam, persistence of, 

 in engines, 6, 102, no; use 

 in side-wheel steamers, gen- 

 eral use abandoned, 6, in. 



Wallace, Alfred Russel, the 

 work of, 4, 172; joint paper 

 of, and Darwin presented to 

 the Linnaean Society of Lon- 

 don, 4, 173. 



Wallace, Sir William, his clans- 

 men the prototypes in mili- 

 tary costume of modern 

 Schotch soldiers, 9, 75. 



Waller and the study of "tro- 

 phic centres," 4, 280. 



"Warren mastodon," 3, 113. 



Wars, their stimulating effect 

 upon surgery in the thirteenth 

 century, 2, 39. 



"Washington" press, the popu- 

 lar hand-press for taking 

 fine proofs, 8, 122. 



"Water controversy" between 

 Cavendish and Watt, 4, 14, 15. 



Water, weight of cubic foot, 

 working capacity determined, 

 6, 70; law of pressure in all 

 directions discovered by Ser- 

 vinus, 6, 75; as a conductor 

 of electricity, 8, 48. 



Water engines, described, 6, 



77-78. 

 Water-frame, invented by 



Richard Arkwright, 9, 25; 



Principle of its construction, 

 , 26. 

 Watermills, early history of, 6, 



70. 



Water motor, design proposed 

 by Lord Armstrong, efficiency 

 of, 6, 121. 



Water-wheels, types of, use of, 

 6, 71; recent advances in, 6, 



Watson, William, electrical ex- 

 periments, 2, 284; discovered 

 that water could be made to 

 take the place of wires as the 

 return circuit of two batteries, 

 8,48. 



Watson, Thomas A., assisted 

 Dr. Bell in his experiments 

 with the telephone, 8, 80. 



Watt, James, controversy with 

 Cavendish, 4, 14; Arago de- 

 cides in favor of, 4, 15; his 

 process of practical bleaching, 

 4, 26; Jperfector, not inventor, 

 of steam-engine, 6, 82 ; early 

 life; connection with Profes- 

 sor Black, 6, 94; studies 

 deficiencies of steam-engine, 

 6, 94-97; first revolutionary 

 experiment, first patent, 6, 

 97; describes his improve- 

 ments up to 1769, 6, 98-99; 

 second patent with device for 

 reciprocating motion, 6, 99; 

 Picard's patent of crank and 

 connecting rod leads to inven- 



. 5> v 



100-101; invents centrifugal 

 governor, 6, 102; invents 

 double-acting engine and cut- 

 off, 6, 102; denounced ideas 

 of high pressure, and com- 

 pound engine; antagonistic to 

 steam locomotion, 6, 103; im- 

 portance of his inventions, 6, 

 104-106; personality of, 6, 

 107-109; fails to see feasibil- 

 ity of doing away with walk- 



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